• QUESTION

  Capton Essay   

  The final essay assignment is your opportunity to explore and reflect on the development of your philosophical thinking regarding the work you did over the course of this term. This essay is unlike the kind of writing we’ve previously practiced in the course. In Module 1 Discussion Forum, you made some argument about philosophy and the workplace based on your philosophical intuitions. In the final essay assignment, you’ll review what you wrote there, and reflect on how your “pre-philosophical” opinions might have changed, developed, or deepened while studying these topics in philosophy more closely.

  In this course, we’ve surveyed a number of topics from the cannon of Western Philosophy, including ethics, politics, religion, metaphysics, and epistemology. However, as many students have come to notice, philosophy is not just something that happened in the past and in textbooks; it is a living field of enquiry which is influenced, and which does influence, the work and life of people throughout society. In our final essay, we will explore those links between the philosophical cannon and contemporary life by considering a particular application of a philosophical topic.

  Section A: In addition to the selections that you’ve already mastered from the text, please read one additional essay in the text. You may choose from:

  1. The Philosopher as Ethics Consultant in a Psychiatric Ward, Clifton B Perry (p 49)
  2. Ethics Consulting in a Multicultural Setting: Quality Care and the Wounds of Diversity, Kenneth Kipnis (p 58)
  3. Prescribing Viagra: Ethical Issues in Urologic Practice, Muriel R Friedman (p 64)
  4. The Philosopher in Representative Government: Applying Classical Theories, Stanilaus J Dundon (p 224)
  5. The Philosopher as Elementary School Teacher: Epistemology Applied to Fourth Grade Education, Matthew Lipman (p 414)
  6. Simulating Human Thinking: An Empirical Approach to the Mind-Body Problem, Herbert A Simon (p 494)
  7. The Philosopher as Priest: Applying Proofs of God’s Existence to the Case of a Dying Cancer Patient

  Section B: Your Essay Project will give you the opportunity to review your thinking as it may have evolved from your assertions during the first week of the course regarding questions in philosophy in practice, to your more principled and reasoned arguments later in the course. Before you begin writing your finished project, you should go back to the Module 1 Discussion Forum and review your answers to the introductory discussion questions during the first week. Pick one in particular. It should be one about which your thinking might have developed during the course, and which you can discuss the topic of “philosophical reflection” meaningfully. Notice that a development might include changing your position, but it also might include deepening your understanding of the problem as it relates to philosophy in practice. Choosing the one in which your thinking developed will make the Final Essay Project more interesting (and easier).

  Section C: In your essay, talk about the way that your thinking has developed from the first module’s “pre-philosophical assertions”, to the more sophisticated position that you developed in your subsequent reflection essay on that topic after reading the essay in Section A.

  To begin, (1) copy/paste your initial Module one assertion, and then (2) defend a thesis in which you argue either for or against your assertion in Module 1 Discussion Forum. Talk about your subsequent argument in the later module and reflection essay. You might review this important post, entitled “What is philosophy”, as you begin to think on the topic of philosophical reflection.

  https://robinson-philo.github.io/Chapter-12-Conclusion/Chapter%2012Conclusion/What_is_Philosophy.htm

  Think about the role of reflection in the philosophical process. How have you reflected more deeply and in a philosophical way, on the topic that you’ve chosen for this project? Given what you’ve learned in the course, can you make a more sophisticated judgment than you were able to do in the first week?

  In particular, try to locate the place where you moved from something like “simply a theory”, or personal preferences and feelings, to something more like the analytic and synthetic mode of operation that is identified with the philosophical activity (discussed in the link above).

  Please format your essay according either to MLA or APA format, and include a complete bibliography. There is no word count limit for this assignment.

  Module 1 for Intro to Humanities was: What philosophy is
  DIscussion was about Moral Intuition:
  Moral Intuitions
  COLLAPSE
  The activities of professionals like Doctors and lawyer should be guided by moral consideration, in my opinion one must put themselves in the shoes of others. As we tend to sometimes question, “WWJD” can be a moral intuition. Second guessing ourselves is an intuitive action on knowledge. An example I can think of would be, (if I’m on the right track of activities) is a medical doctor or lawyer being involved in an unconstitutional way of living, breaking the law whether through malpractice or crime. Being in the profession, one takes an oath to do the right things in consideration of others lives.

  The justice role with the government in conjunction with a social worker, I would consider to be major. The first thing that comes to mind is a social worker and child protection services. The social worker is the liasion between the family and the government. For instance a child being abused in a home, it is the social workers job to evaluate the severity and determine whether to remove the child or not. Upon judgement, say the child is said to be left because there is no eminent danger, the next day or days later this child is severley hurt. Now there will be action against the family and to my opinion, I feel justice should also consider the actions of the social worker as well. All parties involved should be held accountable.

  The job of an elementary school teacher is to follow the curriculum provided by the school system. Curriculum may include practical and abstract reasoning, both of which are a necessity in learning. Some children learn in way of visualizing patterns, objects or theory. Just think in elementary we probably all learned our ABC’s by a way of a song, while others can just recite without tune.

  Artificial intellegence is possible by way of a the person inputting the information into the machine. Accuracy may not be as accurate to others using the machine as each one person is entitled to their own perceptions of things, ones intellegence will always differ from another.Intellegence may be attributed to a machine, but when we think of Artificial, the first thing comes to mind is fake.

  5.) I’m not a spiritual person and with so many different religions and not knowing each of them and their beliefs makes this a tricky question. Growing up I was always taught that through Christ all things are possible. The power of prayer can change things and the first thing one does when they hear one is ill, is pray for healing. Hope and prayer may be the condition to alleviate suffering.

  and Essay for module 1:

  Applied Philosophy
  Introduction
  In the previous years, philosophers from different perspectives have intelligently
  criticized the assumption that the foundations of moral discourse precede ethics, which is
  complex and the best source for moral philosophers. Focusing more on applied ethics as well as
  the facts associated with the moral experience, scholars have concluded that not only regulations
  and consequences are vital but also virtues and personality as well. Asserting that character and
  virtues also play a significant role, there are a variety of ethical theories that could be rendered
  inapplicable, which Richard DeGeorge considers as a contradiction in terms. According to De
  George, there are ethical theories that are applicable in a modern society whose words, when
  applied, generate opposite ambiance. Using De George’s arguments, I shall argue that the
  elements of an absolute practical theory have to complement each other.
  Charitable Reconstruction
  When developing an ethical theory, scholars have to ensure that there is coherence in its
  application. To ascertain coherence, the philosopher should ensure that their ethical theories form
  a complete system, are relatively consistent, and their elements are interrelated. The most
  effective way of attaining such coherence is focusing on one basic and vital standard, for
  example, the theory of utility that guides, directs as well as determines the rudiments, hence
  assuring consistency, and inter-relationship and mutual fit. Conventional ethical theories, such as
  Moreno 2
  Theory of Morality by Russell, have focused mainly on this type of logic. The essence of using
  coherence is that it enables theorists to justify their arguments by showing the limitations present
  in other theories (Russell, 24). Increasing the erudition of these theories has widened the gap
  between mainstream ethical theories and applicable moral issues. De George suggests that
  applied theories that contradict their elements tend to ignore the concept of morality and general
  experience.
  Brief Explanation
  I concur that the major characteristic of practical theories that have contradictions is the
  bias applicability. In other words, these theories have different conceptions, and those who apply
  them choose certain conditions to justify their means. A good example of a theory that has
  shortcomings is the Utilitarian view (Schmid, 233). According to a utilitarian, an individual’s
  actions can be justified if they produced maximum happiness and well-being. In most cases, a
  Utilitarian will resort to actions that conform to his/her mode of happiness at the expense of
  another. For instance, if an individual makes a promise-breaking that would increase happiness,
  then he/she is, according to the act of utilitarianism, allowed to break the promise regardless of
  the victim’s expectations. Even though Kant’s theory considers the concept of virtues, it does not
  account for the diversity and richness of all moral obligations.
  Original Argument
  Lack of relevance between applied and non-applied philosophy indicates that the
  developed theory would have contradictions. According to De George, a practical philosophy
  that focuses on ethics should not only analyze the objectivity but also the subjectivity of the
  actions to represent the absolute correlation (George, 41). For example, morality is not a
  philosopher’s invention since it also exists in the physical world. Theories, such as
  Moreno 3
  Utilitarianism, assume that virtue is only applicable in the social world hence attracting
  contradictions. Those that relate morality to both the social and the natural world, such as Cohen
  and Russell’s moral philosophy, show coherence between the theoretical and practical
  perceptions.
  In conclusion, studies indicate that applied philosophies that are considered relevant have
  specified conception, which De George refers to as “contradictions” in them. For an idea to be
  specific, its theoretical element should correlate with practical elements. However, there are
  others like the utilitarian theory that have contradictory perspectives. Achieving a balance
  between the two requires philosophers to implement coherence between moral and general
  experience on specific beliefs

   

   Moreno 1

   

   Kelli Moreno

  Professor Robinson

  Hum1020

  August 30, 2020

  Applied Philosophy

  Introduction

  In the previous years, philosophers from different perspectives have intelligently criticized the assumption that the foundations of moral discourse precede ethics, which is complex and the best source for moral philosophers. Focusing more on applied ethics as well as the facts associated with the moral experience, scholars have concluded that not only regulations and consequences are vital but also virtues and personality as well. Asserting that character and virtues also play a significant role, there are a variety of ethical theories that could be rendered inapplicable, which Richard DeGeorge considers as a contradiction in terms. According to De George, there are ethical theories that are applicable in a modern society whose words, when applied, generate opposite ambiance. Using De George’s arguments, I shall argue that the elements of an absolute practical theory have to complement each other.

  Charitable Reconstruction

  When developing an ethical theory, scholars have to ensure that there is coherence in its application. To ascertain coherence, the philosopher should ensure that their ethical theories form a complete system, are relatively consistent, and their elements are interrelated. The most effective way of attaining such coherence is focusing on one basic and vital standard, for example, the theory of utility that guides, directs as well as determines the rudiments, hence assuring consistency, and inter-relationship and mutual fit. Conventional ethical theories, such as Moreno 2

   

  Theory of Morality by Russell, have focused mainly on this type of logic. The essence of using coherence is that it enables theorists to justify their arguments by showing the limitations present in other theories (Russell, 24). Increasing the erudition of these theories has widened the gap between mainstream ethical theories and applicable moral issues. De George suggests that applied theories that contradict their elements tend to ignore the concept of morality and general experience.

  Brief Explanation

  I concur that the major characteristic of practical theories that have contradictions is the bias applicability. In other words, these theories have different conceptions, and those who apply them choose certain conditions to justify their means. A good example of a theory that has shortcomings is the Utilitarian view (Schmid, 233). According to a utilitarian, an individual’s actions can be justified if they produced maximum happiness and well-being. In most cases, a Utilitarian will resort to actions that conform to his/her mode of happiness at the expense of another. For instance, if an individual makes a promise-breaking that would increase happiness, then he/she is, according to the act of utilitarianism, allowed to break the promise regardless of the victim’s expectations. Even though Kant’s theory considers the concept of virtues, it does not account for the diversity and richness of all moral obligations.

  Original Argument

  Lack of relevance between applied and non-applied philosophy indicates that the developed theory would have contradictions. According to De George, a practical philosophy that focuses on ethics should not only analyze the objectivity but also the subjectivity of the actions to represent the absolute correlation (George, 41). For example, morality is not a philosopher’s invention since it also exists in the physical world. Theories, such as Moreno 3

   

  Utilitarianism, assume that virtue is only applicable in the social world hence attracting contradictions. Those that relate morality to both the social and the natural world, such as Cohen and Russell’s moral philosophy, show coherence between the theoretical and practical perceptions.

  In conclusion, studies indicate that applied philosophies that are considered relevant have specified conception, which De George refers to as “contradictions” in them. For an idea to be specific, its theoretical element should correlate with practical elements. However, there are others like the utilitarian theory that have contradictory perspectives. Achieving a balance between the two requires philosophers to implement coherence between moral and general experience on specific beliefs. Moreno 4

   

  Works Cited

  De George, Richard T. “Ethics and coherence.” The American Philosophical Association Centennial Series (2013): 717-732.

  Schmid, Peter A. “Hermann Cohen’s Theory of Virtue.” Hermann Cohen’s Critical Idealism. (2005). 231-257.

  Russell, Bertrand. Philosophy and politics. Cambridge University Press, (2016

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• QUESTION

  Week 4 Discusssion    

  This is a discussion question that I need answered. I need the second portion of the questioned answered thoroughly, both bullet points. I have highlighted it in yellow to show that it is what I need answered. I need this r returned to me completed without any grammatical or punctual errors. The company that I want this question written about is Nissan Motor Corporation.

   

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  -OR-

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  • What data, analysis or perspective would you have used to help Sr. Management decide if the rewards outweighed the risks?

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