Answer

Disorders of the Reproductive Systems

Introduction

Reproductive system disorders are the infections which affect the reproductive tract. Among

the females, the reproductive infections can either occur in the lower reproductive tract

including vulva, cervix, and vagina or at the upper reproductive tract consisting of the uterus,

ovary, and fallopian tube. On the other hand, in males, these particular infections occur at the

vas deferens, penis, urethra, and testicles. This paper explains two reproductive disorders

both in females and males including Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and testicular torsion,

give their differences as well as similarities. The paper also discusses their symptoms and

treatments.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to the inflammation of the ovaries, fallopian tube,

uterus, and cervix. It can also extend to the connective tissues which lie amid the broad par-

metritis or ligaments. The females’ abdominal cavity has got a straight anatomical path

principally from the outside surrounding through the female reproductive tract compared to a

closed abdominal cavity in men. This direct anatomical path can allow pathogens to make

their way via the uterus up the vagina, and transverse the womb tube that opens up into the

abdominal cavities (Brunham, Gottlieb & Paavonen, 2015). It is important to note that

inflammation of the peritoneum, as well as the lining of the abdominal cavities, result to

abdominal pain which can lead to infertility. Remarkably, a gonorrheal infection is one of the

potential causes of Pelvic inflammatory disease. According to Brunham, Gottlieb, and

Paavonen, (2015), PID symptoms include malaise, low-grade fever, and lower abdominal

pain. There are three types of PID including salpingo-oophoritis, cervicitis, and endometritis.

Salpingo-oophoritis result to pelvic pain, increased virginal discharge as well as tachycardia.

Cervicitis result to vulvovaginitis, sexual dysfunction, spontaneous abortion, pelvic

discomfort as well as the edematous cervix. On the other hand, endometritis refers to the

inflammation of the uterus which leads to necrosis and purulent or mucoopulerent vaginal

discharge that oozes from the cervix. This condition can be treated through aggressive

therapy with different antibiotics.

Testicular Torsion

On the other hand, testicular torsion refers to when the spermatic cord which anchors the

testis in the scrotum has been twisted. As a result, the blood supply is amputated to the

nearby scrotum tissue as well as the testicles (Copus et al., 2016). Most men are prone to this

particular condition due to the defect in the connective tissues within the scrotum. In some

cases there may not be an apparent cause of this condition; however, this problem can take

place after a scrotum injury which leads to swelling. The condition is common at the

beginning of puberty as well as in older men. Notably, the symptoms include severe pain on

one of the testicles, nausea, and swellings on one side of the scrotum. Other symptoms

include blood in the semen, testicle lump, and testis pulled at a high position in the scrotum

than normal. This disorder can be corrected through surgery and the surgery ought to be done

as soon as possible, that is after detecting the symptoms.

Differences and Similarities

The differences between these two disorders are that Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is

caused by pathogens while testicle torsion is caused by twisting of the scrotum. Secondly,

PID results to virginal discharge whereas testicle torsion does not lead to any discharge. It is

important to note that both disorders attack the connective tissue. In the same token, the

conditions can result in infertility if not addressed immediately. Lastly, the disorders cause

severe pain amid the patients.

How Behavior Impact the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Reproductive Disorders.

Behavior is one of the factors which can significantly affect the treatment and diagnosis of

both Pelvic inflammatory disease and testicle torsion. Having more than one sex partner can

influence the treatment of these conditions. Secondly, not disclosing full information

regarding the conditions by the infected individuals can also result in improper treatment and

diagnosis. Patients need to change their behaviors towards these critical conditions and give

real information to the doctor for help.