The authors of the book raise an interesting question of whether animals have emotions and, if so, whether their emotions are similar to human emotions. Several examples of animal behavior, including that of primates and killer whales, are provided as evidence of emotions in nonhuman species. The question of whether animals have empathy is more complicated than that whether they have emotions. For example, it is possible to have a subjective emotional experience, such as sadness, without having the ability to recognize that others suffer too. Empathy implies a level of perspective-taking that some argue only humans possess. As you think about this, answer these questions by looking at research that is available online. Once someone has posted an article you may not use the same one. Do dogs experience sadness? Do dogs recognize sadness in people? How do you know? Is their sadness based on empathy? (In other words, are they reacting to a sad person because they are taking the perspective of that sad person?) Here is a TED talk about Octopuses and their use of camouflage. Is this learned? Emotion-based? Do you disagree and think their behavior is merely reflexive? https://www.ted.com/talks/roger_hanlon_the_amazing_brains_and_morphing_skin_of_octopuses_and_other_cephalopods?language=en
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