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    1. QUESTION

    EXPERIMENT: DEMONSTRATING POLAR PROPERTIES
    Some substances are polar and some are not. It is not so difficult to demonstrate a difference between these two classes of materials. This experiment is designed to
    help reveal the properties of polar and nonpolar substances.
    Here are your goals for this lesson:
    • Describe experimental outcomes in terms of molecular shape and polarity
    • Apply ideas to the findings of other scientists

    These supplies are needed:
    acetate (overhead transparency material) strip and tissue paper
    vinyl strip and woolen cloth
    slow, steady stream of water from a faucet
    Follow these directions and answer these questions.
    1. Rub the acetate strip with the tissue paper.
    2. Bring the strip near a slow stream of running water.
    What happened when the strip was brought near the stream?
    From your ideas about charges on acetate and vinyl strips, predict what will happen if a charged vinyl strip is brought near the slow stream of water. (Review Unit 4.)
    3. Test your hypothesis. Rub a vinyl strip with a woolen cloth.
    4. Bring the charged strip near a slow stream of water.
    Now analyze your prediction.
    a. Was your prediction correct?
    b. If not, propose a reason for the difference.
    Analyze the shape of H2O.
    a. What is the shape of the H2O molecule?
    b. Is it symmetrical?
    c. Does this mean that the H2O molecule is polar or nonpolar?
    Analyze the bonds of CCl4.
    a. What is the shape of the CCl4 molecule?
    b. Is it symmetrical?
    c. Does this mean that the CCl4 molecule is polar or nonpolar?
    Assume that the water stream is replaced by a stream of CCl4. Predict what would happen in each case.
    a. charged acetate strip:
    b. charged vinyl strip:
    c. Explain your predictions.
    Chemists have found that charged acetate and vinyl strips have no effect on a stream of CCl4. Does this fact match your prediction?
    Develop a model or picture of water, H2O, and carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, that would account for observations with the charged strips for the two compounds.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

 

Subject Physics Pages 3 Style APA

Answer

 

Experiment: Demonstrating Polar Properties

Effect of charged acetate strip on slow stream of moving water

Hypothesis: A charged vinyl strip attracts a slow stream of moving water.

Analysis of Prediction

When a vinyl strip is rubbed with a piece of cloth, it is charged positively through electron transfer from the strip to the cloth. When the charged strip is brought near a slow steady stream of moving water, a polar solvent, the charges separate according to the law of static charges which states: “Like Charges Repel, unlike Charges Attract”. Thus, the negative part of water will be attracted to the positively charged vinyl strip, leading to attraction between them.

Veracity of Prediction

My prediction was correct

Shape of Water Molecule

Water molecules are bent into a V shape. Charge distribution in water is asymmetrical, hence the molecule is asymmetrical.

Is H2O molecule Polar or Nonpolar?

Asymmetrical charge distribution makes water a polar solvent. Essentially, this makes water molecule a dipole, with a negative side where the oxygen atom is positioned and a positive side where the hydrogen atoms are positioned.

Analysis of the bonds of CCl4, Shape of the molecule, Symmetry, and Polarity

 The carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) molecule consists of four chlorine atoms positioned symmetrically in a tetrahedral configuration joined to a central carbon atom by single covalent bonds. Thus, CCl4 has a symmetrical charge distribution and geometry and is thus a nonpolar solvent.

Assume that the water stream is replaced by a stream of CCl4. Predict what would happen in each case.
(a) Charged acetate strip:

Since CCl4 is nonpolar and therefore electrically neutral, it will have no effect on the charged acetate strip.
(b) Charged vinyl strip:

Similarly, electrically neutral nonpolar CCl4 will not be attracted to the charged vinyl strip.
(c) Explain your predictions.

In both cases the CCl4 is electrically neutral, and hence will not be attracted to a charged material.

Chemists have found that charged acetate and vinyl strips have no effect on a stream of CCl4. This discovery matches my prediction.

 

Figure1: https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1014849/view/carbon-tetrachloride-or-tetrachloromethane-solvent-molecule

From the diagram, water has a partial negative part and a partial positive part occupied by oxygen atom. Resultant separation of charges when brought near charged acetate and vinyl strips leads to attraction in both cases.

Figure 2: https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1014849/view/carbon-tetrachloride-or-tetrachloromethane-solvent-molecule

The model of CCl4 above reveals an electrically neutral molecule, hence; it has no effect on charged acetate and vinyl strips.

 

 

References

 

 

 

 

Appendix

Appendix A:

Communication Plan for an Inpatient Unit to Evaluate the Impact of Transformational Leadership Style Compared to Other Leader Styles such as Bureaucratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership in Nurse Engagement, Retention, and Team Member Satisfaction Over the Course of One Year

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