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    1. QUESTION
    1. Define cephalization

      2. Describe one illness caused by roundworms.

      3. What is meant by the term hermaphroditic?

      4. What is a ganglion?

      5. How many “hearts” does an earthworm have?

      6. What is the only group to have a pseudocoelom?

     

 

Subject Biology Pages 2 Style APA

Answer

Invertebrate Evolution Part 2

Question1: Define cephalization

            Cephalization is an evolutionary process in animals where the neural and sensory organs become concentrated in the head region. The process is common among bilaterally symmetrical species with definite front end or head. However, some radially symmetrical species also show a certain level of cephalization. 

Question 2: Describe one illness caused by roundworms.

            Ascariasis- this illness is caused by roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. The infection begins when the eggs are consumed. They hatch in the intestine after which the larvae penetrate the walls and move to the lungs. In the lungs, they move through the passageways to the throat where they are re-swallowed — the mature larvae the attaches to the walls of the intestine. Usually, there are no symptoms associated with the early stages of the illness, though when the infection progresses, the symptoms may include bowel obstruction and malnutrition. 

Question 3: What is meant by the term hermaphroditic?

            Hermaphroditic refers to the possession of both female and male reproductive structures, organs or tissues in an organism. The organism can either be a plant or animal.

Question 4: What is a ganglion?

            A ganglion is an oval-shaped external structure to the brain that contains nerve cell bodies and connective tissues. It is a part of the peripheral nervous system that operates as a dispatch station for nerves.

 

Question 5: How many “hearts” does an earthworm have?

            Earthworms technically do not have a complex heart like humans but instead, they have five pairs of aortic arches that pump blood through the body. 

Question 6: What is the only group to have a pseudocoelom?

            The members of phylum nematode are the only group that has pseudocoelom that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton to help them drill through the soil.  

 

 

 

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Appendix

Appendix A:

Communication Plan for an Inpatient Unit to Evaluate the Impact of Transformational Leadership Style Compared to Other Leader Styles such as Bureaucratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership in Nurse Engagement, Retention, and Team Member Satisfaction Over the Course of One Year

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