1. 1. QUESTION

   Some is not a number. Soon is not a time.

   —Slogan for the completed 100,000 Lives Campaign and 5 million Lives Campaign from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)

   As reflected in the IHI statement above, safeguarding patients and promoting high-quality care requires more than vague promises. Although sensational headlines highlighting unsafe or inadequate care have brought increasing public attention to troubling events, providers, government agencies, insurers, and nonprofit organizations have taken strides to promote greater transparency and accountability around these issues. Reimbursements from government sources of funding and private insurers have been directly linked to performance through measures of safety and quality. In addition, many groups now acknowledge the need to improve the culture of care and are seeking ways to facilitate inter-professional collaboration that places concern for the patient at the center of health care delivery. As a nurse leader, you can play an integral part in promoting high-quality care and upholding the safety of patients, as well as of health care workers.
   This week, you will examine the six aims promoted by the Institute of Medicine for improving health care. You will also consider the value of inter-professional collaboration in addressing health care issues.
   Reference:
   Overview of the 100,000 Lives campaign. Retrieved from http://www.ihi.org/offerings/Initiatives/PastStrategicInitiatives/5MillionLivesCampaign/Documents/Overview%20of%20the%20100K%20Campaign.pdf
   Learning Objectives
   Students will:
   Analyze the impact of quality and safety issues on health care delivery
   Analyze the value of inter-professional collaboration for improving health care quality and safety
   Photo Credit: Angela Schmidt/iStock/Getty Images
   Learning Resources
   Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.
   Required Readings
   Knickman, J. R., & Kovner, A. R. (Eds.). (2015). Health care delivery in the united states (11th ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
   Chapter 13, “High Quality Health Care” (pp. 273–295)
   Chapter 2, “A Visual Overview of Health Care Delivery in the United States” (pp. 13–27)
   These chapters discuss the current state of health care quality, as well as efforts to measure and improve quality.

   Chapter 14, “Managing and Governing Health Care Organizations” (pp. 297–309)
   This chapter details the vital importance of developing a better understanding of why and how heath care organizations are governed and managed in order to improve accountability.
   Berwick, D. (2005). My right knee. Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(2), 121–125.
   Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

   In this article, Donald Berwick describes five specific dimensions of “total quality” care he will need when his right knee is replaced; however, he feels no one health care institution can deliver all five dimensions.
   Gardner, D. (2010). Health policy and politics. Expanding scope of practice: Inter-professional collaboration or conflict? Nursing Economic$, 28(4), 264–266.
   Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

   This article summarizes the interdisciplinary conflict and collaboration likely to be promoted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The text emphasizes the value of mediators in facilitating discussions between thought leaders from different disciplines.
   Solomon, P. (2010). Inter-professional collaboration: Passing fad or way of the future? Physiotherapy Canada, 62(1), 47–55.
   Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

   This lecture highlights challenges to collaborative practice in clinical settings. In addition, the author presents strategies for influencing an environment to be more collaborative.
   Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.). Model public report elements: A sampler.
   Retrieved from http://archive.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/quality-resources/value/pubrptsampler/pubrptsampl2b.html#Presentation

   This web page defines the six domains that are important for health care quality. The goals of the six domains in health care to be safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable.
   American Nurses Association. (n.d.) Expert policy analysis. Retrieved August 30, 2018, from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/expert-policy-analysis/

   This web page explores ANA’s Department of Nursing Practice and Policy efforts with internal policy decisions and nursing’s input on external policy.
   American Nurses Association. (n.d.) Health care policy. Retrieved August 30,2018, from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/

   This web page informs about nurses’ firsthand experiences in effecting health care laws and regulations through ANA’s principles.
   American Nurses Association. Health system reform. Retrieved March 22, 2012, from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Policy-Advocacy/HealthSystemReform

   This web page details health reforms impact on health care delivery.
   Berwick, D. (2002). Escape fire: Lessons for the future of health care. Retrieved from https://www.commonwealthfund.org/sites/default/files/documents/___media_files_publications_other_2002_nov_escape_fire__lessons_for_the_future_of_health_care_berwick_escapefire_563_pdf.pdf

   This influential speech, given by Dr. Donald Berwick in 1999, uses the analogy of starting a fire to escape a fire as a way to detail the challenges the health care industry faces in improving the quality of care and safety.
   Federal Register. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR

   This website houses the official daily publication of rules, proposed rules, and notices of federal agencies and organizations, including executive orders and presidential documents.
   Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: The IOM Health Care Quality Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Global/News%20Announcements/Crossing-the-Quality-Chasm-The-IOM-Health-Care-Quality-Initiative.aspx

   The Institute of Medicine provides a Quality Initiative to document the seriousness of the quality problem and assesses the ongoing effort to improve the nation’s quality of care.
   National Quality Forum (2007). Tracking NQF-endorsed consensus standards for nursing-sensitive care: A 15-month study. Washington, DC: National Quality Forum. Retrieved from http://www.qualityforum.org/Projects/s-z/Tracking_Nursing-Sensitive_Care_Consensus_Standards_%282007%29/Tracking_Nursing-Sensitive_Care_Consensus_Standards.aspx

   This report provides full detail of the first comprehensive effort to evaluate the degree NQF-endorsed standards for nursing-sensitive care have been implemented.
   National Quality Forum. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.qualityforum.org/Home.aspx

   The National Quality Form project identifies outcome, process, and structural measures, as well as patient experience of care in order to specifically address quality improvement.
   Required Media
   Laureate Education (Producer). (2012i). Quality improvement and safety. Baltimore, MD: Author.

   Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 14 minutes.

   Accessible player
   Discussion: Improving Quality
   Improving the quality of health care delivery and patient safety continues to be a political concern and has been at the heart of reform issues for many years. The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) have increased awareness of health care quality and safety issues, as well as advocated for health care reform. The documents featured at the ANA and IOM websites listed in this week’s Learning Resources focus on many of the current issues surrounding quality and safety in the health care industry.
   To prepare:
   Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the Six Aims for Improvement presented in the landmark report “Crossing the Quality Chasm: The IOM Health Care Quality Initiative.”
   Consider these six aims with regard to your current organization, or one with which you are familiar. In what areas have you seen improvement? What areas still present challenges? As a nurse leader, how can you contribute to improving the organization’s achievement of these aims?
   Select one specific quality or safety issue that is presenting a challenge in the organization. Consider at least one quality improvement strategy that could be used to address the issue, as well as which of the six aims for improvement would then be addressed.
   Reflect on your professional practice and your experiences with inter-professional collaboration to improve quality and safety. How has inter-professional collaboration contributed to your organization’s efforts to realize the IOM’s six aims for improving health care? Where has inter-professional collaboration been lacking?

    

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