PLEASE DO THE REPLIES FOR ME FOR THESE TWO POSTS. 150 WORDS EACH
1. Why are public-private partnerships important in the National Incident Management System?
The private sector can financially contribute to emergency response, which can help quicken a response and help with long term recovery efforts (Chandra, 2016). Public-private partnerships are integral in National incident because they help increase effectiveness and efficiency. These partnerships help reduce the burden on government agencies.
2. During medical triage, which organizations or partnerships are involved in START triage?
Triage is assessing victims and prioritizing them based on their medical needs. START triage stand for simple triage and rapid treatment. (Williams, 2022). Mainly first responders are responsible for the triaging of patients. First responders delegate patients based on their status; they break them down into 4 categories. The categories are black (deceased), red (immediate), yellow (delayed), and green (walking around, minor injuries) (Williams, 2022).
3. What are some strategies to improve inter-agency communications and coordination between local, state, and federal governments?
There are many strategies to improve collaboration between agencies. The first step would be to foster and build relationships between the agencies. Get agreements and plans in writing (Frayley, 2020). Know each agency's role and responsibilities. Perform training exercises together and share resources.
Why are public-private partnerships important in the National Incident Management System?
Public-Private Partnerships are a cornerstone of the National Incident Management System’s success in disaster and emergency response. According to FEMA, the private sector is defined as organizations and entities that are not part of any governmental structure. Such entities provide services such as technical assistance to include electricity, water treatment in addition to basic necessities such as food, water and shelter and lastly donation of equipment, supplies and clothing. It is clear that the private sector must fully participate in critical infra-structure protection in order for both government and business to achieve the broader homeland security mission (Givens & Busch, 2013). As public-private partnerships address specific needs, it is not a one size fits all. The benefit of such partnerships is the community interoperability within the geographical area and resource management to ensure those affected are able to return to normalcy soonest possible after a disaster or emergency.
During medical triage, which organizations or partnerships are involved in START triage?
During an initial medical triage the following organizations and partnerships are involved in Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START): first responders such as firefighters, law enforcement, and emergency medical services to include emergency medical technicians (EMT’s) and paramedics. Firefighters are essential as in certain cases patients may be trapped in debris and require lifesaving evacuation as well as other potential hazards within the area. As law enforcement and firefighters are first to the scene, they set up scene security and ensure a safe perimeter in addition to crowd control as needed. First responders are the driving force of START triage. START is currently the most widely used triage system in the United States for mass casualty incidents (Clarkson & Williams). The medical personnel on scene (EMS: EMT’s and Paramedics) are charged with systematical sorting patients by injury. This ensures proper evacuation and treatment of those with life-threatening injuries first, followed by those with serious injuries that are non-life threatening and lastly walking wounded.
What are some strategies to improve inter-agency communications and coordination between local, state, and federal governments?
In ensuring successful partnership in accordance with FEMA guidelines, the acronym PADRES can be utilized. Successful partnerships include public accessibility, dedication, resources, engagement and sustainability. Within this acronym we have a few points of strategy to dig deeper in ensuring inter-agency communication and coordination. Public accessibility allows the collaboration between agencies in addition to investing trust and confidence in each individual organization to work as team. Strategies to increase public accessibility include sharing critical information with standardized acronyms to ensure full understanding of baseline. Memoranda of understanding (MOUs) between organizational providers of cognitive surplus and the traditional community might better harness these volunteers to address needs that other actors are less able to handle, such as data mining (to close information loops and extract learning in motion), systematic archiving of big data, and locating response resources outside of traditional supply chains (Shittu et al.). The common area for improvement within interagency communication is information flow, clear guidance set forth in a memoranda of understanding (MOU) as well as clear standard operation procedures set in place will reduce miscommunication leading to frustration within the individual local, state and federal organizations and overall partnerships.
Sources:
Clarkson L, Williams M. EMS Mass Casualty Triage. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from:
Givens, A. D., & Busch, N. E. (2013). Realizing the promise of public-private partnerships in US critical infrastructure protection. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 6(1), 39-50.
National Incident Management System – fema.gov. (n.d.).
Shittu, E., Parker, G., & Mock, N. (2018). Improving communication resilience for effective disaster relief operations. Environment Systems and Decisions, 38, 379-397..
