China’s Self-Strengthening Movement and Japan’s Meiji Restoration

This discussion forum on China’s Self-Strengthening Movement and Japan’s Meiji Restoration is based on textbook Chapters 7, 8, and 9, and Module 5 and 6
online lectures:
Faced with unprecedented challenges from the West, why did China’s Self-Strengthening Movement (or Tongzhi Restoration) fail while Japan’s Meiji
Restoration succeed?