Difference between a meridian (or longitude) and a parallel

What is the difference between a meridian (or longitude) and a parallel (or latitude)? Indicate the latitude and longitude of 5 of the following locations (your choice):
The Statue of Liberty
Mount Rushmore
The Eiffel Tower
The Taj Mahal
The Sydney Opera House
Mount Fuji
Stonehenge
List and describe the four types of distortions that can result from map projections.
List and describe the three ways to indicate scale on a map.
What are GIS, GPS, and Remote Sensing and how do these technologies contribute to more accurate and timely geographic information on Earth?
How do you use these technologies (if any) in your everyday life?