-
QUESTION
Title:
An Introduction Development Economics
ECON.3392 (Summer 2017)
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
The main point of this exercise is to help students develop some skill at finding and retrieving relevant data and other information and using that information to elucidate some of the concepts we have learnt in class. This assignment is associated with the material covered in Section I.
PAPER TOPICS
- In what ways do the following concepts of development overlap and do not overlap with “development as freedom” or “expansion of capabilities”:
- Development as growth;
- Development as the fulfilment of basic needs;
- Improved governance, gender and civic freedoms and environmental sustainability.
You can take a practical approach by using country experiences to illustrate your points, wherever possible, or you can take a more philosophical approach (or some combination of the two)
- Choose one developing (or transition) country from the group below then:
- (a) Broadly describe their experience in terms of changes in happiness measures from 2006 to 2016 (see the Appendix to Chapter 2 of World Happiness Report 2017: http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2017/);
- (b) Determine to what extent social, political and economic changes during that period may help to explain those changes.
Paraguay
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Sierra Leone
- In what ways do the following concepts of development overlap and do not overlap with “development as freedom” or “expansion of capabilities”:
Subject | Economics | Pages | 4 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Economic Development and Economic Growth
Economics as a subject is concerned with the improvement of human life through a process known as development. Economic development is therefore the qualitative changes in an economy which is proven by improvements in the various economic variables. This is unlike development which is majorly concerned with qualitative changes in the values of goods and services produced in a country on annual basis (.Tharnpanich, 2014).The measure of economic growth is done through Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is part of development indications. Development is a choice which has to be made. This choice is defined by economists as a freedom which extends to gender inclusion, provision of the basic requirements and improvement in civic freedoms. For savings to take place which in effect lead to investment, the basic requirements must first be satisfied. A country’s ability to provide the basic requirements is used to gauge its economic development.
Other than provision of basic requirements, a developed nation must operate in a manner that will protect its nature. This is known as environmental sustainability. Development is also dependent on the political goodwill (Yusuf, Deaton & World, 2009). A country with civic freedom and supports gender inclusivity stands a higher chance of growing faster through the development initiatives that will be set. It is, therefore possible to conclude that development overlaps to growth, environmental sustainability, and provision of basic needs and improvement of governance.
Measure of Happiness of Thailand Citizens between 2006 and 2017
Thailand is one of the countries that has faced tremendous economic transformations over time based on the commitment of the political leadership. The diagram below explains the trends on the country’s GDP since between 2006 and 2016;
Thailand’s Gross Domestic Product Between 2006 and 2016
Adapted from Tharnpanich (2014) p.117
Based on the fact that the country’s economy has grown it is clear the living standards of the citizens has increased, thereby increasing their level of happiness in 2017 as compared to 2006.
References
Anxo, D., Ericson, T. and Herbert, A., 2019. ‘Beyond retirement: who stays at work after the standard age of retirement?’ International Journal of Manpower, 40; 5, pp. 917-938. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-09-2017-0243 Cypress, B. S., 2017. ‘Rigor or Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research: Perspectives, Strategies, Reconceptualization, and Recommendations’, Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 36; 4, pp. 253-263 doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000253 Fitzpatrick, B., 2019. ‘Validity in qualitative health education research’, Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning, 11; 2, pp. 211-217. Golafshani, N., 2003. ‘Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 8; 4, pp. 597-607. http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani.pdf Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M. and Namey, E. E., 2012. Validity and Reliability (Credibility and Dependability) in Qualitative Research and Data Analysis. In: Applied Thematic Analysis, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 79-106. Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781483384436> [Accessed 21 Feb 2021] Hess, M., 2018. ‘Expected and preferred retirement age in Germany’, Z Gerontol Geriat, 51, pp. 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-016-1053-x Hofäcker, D. and Naumann, E., 2015. ‘The emerging trend of work beyond retirement age in Germany. Z Gerontol Geriat, 48, pp. 473–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-014-0669-y Lichtenthaler, P. W. and Fischbach, A., 2016. ‘Job crafting and motivation to continue working beyond retirement age’, Career Development International, 21; 5, pp. 477-497. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-01-2016-0009 Matthijs, B. P. and Visser, M. S., 2011. ‘When Are Teachers Motivated to Work Beyond Retirement Age? The Importance of Support, Change of Work Role and Money’, Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39;5, pp. 590–602. doi: 10.1177/1741143211408448 Moon, M. D., 2019. ‘Triangulation: A Method to Increase Validity, Reliability, and Legitimation in Clinical Research’, Journal of emergency nursing, 45; 1, pp. 103–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.11.004 Oude, M. J., 2019. ‘Attitudes About Working Beyond Normal Retirement Age: The Role of Mandatory Retirement’, J Aging Soc Policy, 31; 2, pp.106-122. doi: 10.1080/08959420.2018.1563473. Polat, T., Bal, P. M. and Jansen, P. G. W., 2017. ‘How Do Development HR Practices Contribute to Employees’ Motivation to Continue Working Beyond Retirement Age?’ Work, Aging and Retirement, 3; 4, pp. 366–378, https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/wax007 Rose, J. and Johnson, C., 2020. ‘Contextualizing reliability and validity in qualitative research: toward more rigorous and trustworthy qualitative social science in leisure research’, Journal of Leisure Research, 51, pp. 432 – 451. Sewdas, R., de Wind, A., van der Zwaan, L. G. et al., 2017. ‘Why older workers work beyond the retirement age: a qualitative study’, BMC Public Health, 17, pp. 672. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4675-z Virtanen, M., Oksanen, T., Pentti, J., Ervasti, J., Head, J., Stenholm, S., . . . Kivimäki, M., 2017. ‘Occupational class and working beyond the retirement age: A cohort study’, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 43; 5, 426-435. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26386115 |
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