Answer

Non-Invasive Continuous-Time Glucose Monitoring System

Introduction

• The World Health Organization estimates that there are more than 500 million people globally who have diabetes (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Increased risk of serious and life-threatening diseases (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Other patients who have diabetes may present with very low levels of blood glucose (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Monitoring and evaluation of blood glucose concentration at all times is important (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• The most common glucose-sensing technology available todays is the finger-prick-based glucose strips (Baghelani et al., 2020).

Background

• Real-time continuous monitoring of glucose offers a much convenient and accurate assessment of large variations in blood glucose levels (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Placing a thin needle-like sensor under the skin (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• The sensor eliminates finger-prick blood sampling methods (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• However, the sensor is expensive, consumable, and involves insertion of a new sensor every 10 to 14 days (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Baglelani et al. (2020) described the use of non-invasive continuous-time glucose monitoring system that uses a microwave-based sensor.
• Microwave-based sensors have gained popularity due to their non-invasive nature, high-quality factor, high sensitivity, and low-cost factor (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Microwave-based sensors measures blood glucose levels in interstitial fluid in a non-invasive manner (Baghelani et al., 2020).

Findings

• Can be integrated with other devices such as smartwatch and smartphones (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Dehydration may affect precision of the sensor (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Taped on any skin location (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• The tag sensor consumes zero power (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Detection ccuracy of approximately 1mM/L over a physiological range of glucose concentrations with 38kHz of resonance frequency shift (Baghelani et al., 2020).

Applications in Nursing Practice

• Provide real-time as well and remote monitoring of blood glucose levels (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• Use only in well hydrated paients (Baghelani et al., 2020).
• It can allow for quick response and intervention (Baghelani et al., 2020).