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- QUESTION
ARTICLE SUMMARY PROJECT
The purpose of this project is to bolster your library skills. For this project, you will need to play the detective. Below is a list of several research studies that have been conducted in various areas of psychology. Your task is to choose one of these studies and find the actual peer-reviewed journal article which corresponds to this study. This will require you to use the Camden County Library website but you will need to obtain a library card (which can also be done online). The articles can all be found online using the Library Website (directions for locating the articles are below. After you have located this article, you will write a 2 page paper summarizing (not plagiarizing!!!) the authors' methods, their rationale for the study, and their overall conclusions of the study. You are also asked to write one follow up question about this study that addresses an issue that you believe should have been covered in this study but that was absent. This project is worth up 25% of your final grade. This is due on Tuesday 12/1. You will need to upload your Word File containing this assignment to Webstudy.· Locating the Articles:
1.) Go to http://library.camdencc.edu/
2.) Go to Ebooks, Books and Articles heading. Click on find articles and databases.
3.) Click on the link for databases "O-P".
4.) Click on PsychArticles. This will take you to a site called Ebsco Host.
5.) Enter in the title of the article in the first search box and press search.
6.) Click on the link for the article and it will take you directly to the article you have chosen.· Directions for the paper
After you have located this article, you will write a 2 page paper summarizing (not plagiarizing!!!):
1.) the authors' methods
2.) Why they did the research
3.) their overall conclusions of the study.
4.) You are also asked to write one follow up question about this study that addresses an issue that you believe should have been covered in this study but that was absent.You will need to follow APA formatting guidelines for this paper. APA formatting requires you have a specific organization to your paper, that your paper have a specific layout (i.e. page numbering, title page) and that you have a structure that is followed for references both in text and in a reference page attached to the end. You will be graded on how well you summarized the material in the article and the APA formatting style. I have posted resources under the Timeline Session APA PAPER RESOURCES for you to use as a guide. Your paper MUST include the following sections.
§ Abstractà Do not include an abstract for your paper. It is not necessary. Introductionà includes summary of why the authors did the study
§ Methodsà summarize what methods they used
§ Resultsà Please omit a results section in your paper. The results section is a report of the statistics that the authors used and is not relevant for this project.
§ Discussionà summary of overall conclusions of the study and your discussion question.
§ Reference pageà for anything that you cited in the paper.· Each section is labeled in the paper. For information on APA formatting, please review the APA resources that I have posted. Remember, if you include anything that is not your own thought in the paper, you will need to cite it and include a reference page!!
Articles that you may choose from:
Cwir, D., Carr, P. B. , Walton, G. M. , & Spencer, S. J. (2011). Your heart makes my heart move: Cues of social connectedness cause shared emotions and physiological states among strangers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 661–664.
Eastwick, P. W. , & Finkel, E. (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 245–264.
Fredrickson, B. L. , Tugade, M. M. , Waugh, C. E. , & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 365–376
Murdock, K. (2013) Texting While Stressed: Implications for Students' Burnout, Sleep and Well-Being. Psychology of Popular Media, 2013, Vol. 2, No. 4, 207–221
Weiss, S. M. and Loubier, S.I. (2010). Gambling Habits of Athletes and Nonathletes Classified as Disordered Gamblers. The Journal of Psychology, 2010, 144(6), 507–521
| Subject | Article Analysis | Pages | 4 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Introduction
In life there is a tendency for humans to easily get connected emotionally and physiologically to people they have known and have build great ties of connection over a period of time (Singer & Lamm, 2009). It is obvious in most cases that shared emotions and physiology could emanate from common experiences built through long-standing and well-elaborated relationship partners. Previous researches do not test whether a social connection in itself rather than other consequences of long-standing acquaintances could influence emotional and physiological connection. Is there a possibility to get such similar connection with strangers? Here is a summary of a research in the article, “Your heart makes my heart move” by Cwir, Carr, Walton, and Spencer, (2011). The research was carried out to establish whether psychological and physiological states occur only among long-standing relationship partners or it can occur with strangers through subtle experiences of social connectedness. The research also intends to find out ways in which important aspects of self can change in response to cues of social relatedness.
Methods
To ascertain these conditions, the methodology applied to establish the social connectedness was carried out in a procedure involving two experiments. In the first experiment, one to ten weeks pre-study survey was conducted to determine the idiosyncratic interests of the participants. This was followed by a manipulation procedure. The confederate and participant were then randomly assigned to complete either a “memory task” or a “personality questionnaire.” Experiment 2 was carried out to test whether the effects obtained in experiment one would extend to physiological arousal. The participants were exposed to manipulation checks and physiological arousals.
Discussion
It was evident from experiment 1 that a sense of social connectedness to a stranger caused people to experience the stranger's emotional state and physiological arousal as was seen in the second experiment. In these studies, minimal basis of the social connection and the fact that the connection was experimentally manipulated rather than observed, suggests a sense of social connectedness in itself apart from other factors that arise in ongoing social relationships that can cause shared emotions and physiology (Cwir, Carr, Walton, and Spencer, 2011). People who feel connected in one way or another may experience greater integration of self and others as well. This may result in greater sharing of psychological states, and could further reinforce self and others overlap thus strengthening the relationship (Anderson et al., 2003). This deduction is still subject to further research in the future.
With regard to social connection manipulations as seen in this research, other researchers have also tried to establish the type of shared preferences most likely to create a sense of social connection. For instance, research shows that things like a shared birthday may facilitate feelings of connectedness even more than shared gender identities (Walton et al., 2011). Other forms of social influence, for instance conformity to group norms could bear similar results as in this research (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004). However, this is subject to future research. In relation to this research, it can be deduced that even minimally instantiated social relationships can lead people to experience common psychological and physiological states. This conclusion has also been verified by Walton & Cohen, in press.
In conclusion, social ties can have great effects on individuals' psychological experiences and others as well. Whereas many researches in psychology lay emphasis on affective and cognitive processes in isolated minds of individuals, this research treats the social context as very essential in providing input into basic internal processes. This research is built on the fact that through the simulation of neurological responses, individuals can share and experience other people’s feelings.
References
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Anderson, C., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2003). Emotional convergence between people over time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1054−1068. Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 591−621. Cwir, D., Carr, P. B., Walton, G. M., & Spencer, S. J. (2011). Your heart makes my heart move: Cues of social connectedness cause shared emotions and physiological states among strangers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47. Pp 661 - 664. Singer, T., & Lamm, C. (2009). The social neuroscience of empathy. The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2009: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156, 81−96. Walton, G. M., Cohen, G. L., Cwir, D., & Spencer, S. J. (2011). Mere belonging: The power of social connections. Under review. |