ATI TEAS - Life and Physical Sciences
- Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in eukaryotic cells?
- Nucleus
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
- Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The mitochondrion is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP, the cell’s primary energy currency, through cellular respiration.
- What is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system?
- Geothermal heat
- Solar radiation
- Tidal forces
- Volcanic activity
Explanation: Solar radiation from the sun drives Earth’s climate system by providing the energy that fuels weather patterns and atmospheric processes.
- Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
- Ionic bond
- Covalent bond
- Hydrogen bond
- Metallic bond
Explanation: A covalent bond forms when two atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, as seen in molecules like water.
- What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
- Produces bile
- Absorbs nutrients
- Secretes digestive enzymes and insulin
- Stores glycogen
Explanation: The pancreas releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine to break down food and produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
- Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equatorial plane?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Explanation: During metaphase, chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate, ensuring proper separation during anaphase.
- What is the atomic number of an element with 8 protons and 8 neutrons?
- 8
- 16
- 12
- 4
Explanation: The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, which is 8 in this case, identifying the element as oxygen.
- Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
- Protein
- Carbohydrate
- Lipid
- Nucleic acid
Explanation: Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic information in cells.
- What is the primary function of red blood cells?
- Fight infection
- Transport oxygen
- Clot blood
- Produce antibodies
Explanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to tissues throughout the body.
- Which gas makes up the largest percentage of Earth’s atmosphere?
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
- Nitrogen
- Argon
Explanation: Nitrogen constitutes approximately 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, making it the most abundant gas.
- What type of reaction releases energy and breaks down complex molecules?
- Synthesis
- Decomposition
- Single replacement
- Double replacement
Explanation: Decomposition reactions break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process, often as heat.
- Which structure in the human respiratory system is the site of gas exchange?
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Alveoli
- Diaphragm
Explanation: Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.
- What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
- 0
- 7
- 14
- 10
Explanation: A neutral solution, such as pure water, has a pH of 7 at 25°C, indicating equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
- Which part of the neuron transmits signals away from the cell body?
- Dendrite
- Axon
- Soma
- Synapse
Explanation: The axon carries electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body to other neurons or target cells.
- What is the primary source of energy for cellular respiration?
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Fatty acids
- Vitamins
Explanation: Glucose is the primary molecule broken down during cellular respiration to produce ATP for energy.
- Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary movements, such as those in the digestive tract?
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Striated muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle, found in organs like the stomach and intestines, operates involuntarily to facilitate processes like digestion.
- What is the chemical formula for water?
- CO2
- H2O
- NaCl
- O2
Explanation: Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, represented by the formula H2O.
- Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature?
- Nervous system
- Integumentary system
- Endocrine system
- Circulatory system
Explanation: The integumentary system, including the skin, regulates body temperature through mechanisms like sweating and vasoconstriction.
- What is the primary function of the large intestine?
- Digest proteins
- Absorb water
- Produce bile
- Store carbohydrates
Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food, forming solid waste to be excreted.
- Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
- Proton
- Neutron
- Electron
- Nucleus
Explanation: Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus of an atom.
- What process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?
- Cellular respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Fermentation
- Transpiration
Explanation: Photosynthesis allows plants to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen, storing chemical energy.
- Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Arteries
- Venules
Explanation: Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body’s tissues, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- What is the primary source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
- Binary fission
- Budding
Explanation: Meiosis produces gametes with unique combinations of genetic material through crossing over and independent assortment, leading to genetic variation.
- Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma
Explanation: Liquids take the shape of their container but maintain a fixed volume due to the close arrangement of their molecules.
- Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
- Adrenaline
- Insulin
- Thyroxine
- Cortisol
Explanation: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, lowers blood sugar by facilitating glucose uptake into cells.
- What is the basic unit of life?
- Atom
- Molecule
- Cell
- Tissue
Explanation: The cell is the smallest unit capable of performing all functions necessary for life, such as metabolism and reproduction.
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