- Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?
Liver
b. Kidney
c. Spleen
d. Pancreas
The kidney filters blood to remove waste and produce urine. - What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?
Geothermal heat
b. Solar radiation
c. Tidal forces
d. Volcanic activity
Solar radiation drives Earth's climate by providing heat and energy. - Which molecule carries genetic information in cells?
Protein
b. Lipid
c. DNA
d. Carbohydrate
DNA contains the genetic blueprint for building proteins and traits. - What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
0
b. 7
c. 14
d. 10
A neutral solution has a pH of 7, indicating equal hydrogen and hydroxide ions. - Which part of the brain regulates balance and coordination?
Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla oblongata
d. Hypothalamus
The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance. - What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Ionic
b. Covalent
c. Metallic
d. Hydrogen
Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve stability. - Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Veins
b. Capillaries
c. Arteries
d. Venules
Arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. - What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Fight infection
b. Transport oxygen
c. Clot blood
d. Produce antibodies
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues via hemoglobin. - Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria produce ATP, the cell's energy currency. - What gas makes up the majority of Earth's atmosphere?
Oxygen
b. Nitrogen
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Argon
Nitrogen comprises about 78% of Earth's atmosphere. - Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the digestive tract?
Skeletal
b. Smooth
c. Cardiac
d. Striated
Smooth muscle operates involuntarily in organs like the intestines. - What is the atomic number of carbon?
8
b. 6
c. 12
d. 14
Carbon has 6 protons, defining its atomic number. - Which process converts glucose into ATP in cells?
Photosynthesis
b. Cellular respiration
c. Fermentation
d. Transcription
Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP energy. - What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Digest proteins
b. Absorb water
c. Produce bile
d. Store glycogen
The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food to form feces. - Which element is essential for thyroid hormone production?
Calcium
b. Iodine
c. Iron
d. Magnesium
Iodine is required to synthesize thyroid hormones like thyroxine. - What type of reaction releases energy?
Endothermic
b. Exothermic
c. Equilibrium
d. Synthesis
Exothermic reactions release energy, often as heat or light. - Which structure protects the lungs and heart?
Pelvis
b. Rib cage
c. Skull
d. Spine
The rib cage encases and protects the heart and lungs. - What is the basic unit of life?
Atom
b. Cell
c. Molecule
d. Tissue
The cell is the smallest unit capable of performing life functions. - Which gas is produced during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Hydrogen
Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a byproduct of converting CO2 and water. - What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
Absorb nutrients
b. Produce digestive enzymes
c. Store bile
d. Filter blood
The pancreas secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. - Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Nucleus
Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the atom's nucleus. - What is the primary source of energy for the human body?
Proteins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Vitamins
d. Minerals
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, the body's main energy source. - Which system regulates hormone production?
Nervous
b. Endocrine
c. Immune
d. Lymphatic
The endocrine system releases hormones to regulate body functions. - What is the chemical formula for water?
CO2
b. H2O
c. O2
d. H2SO4
Water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. - Which bone is the longest in the human body?
Humerus
b. Femur
c. Tibia
d. Radius
The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone. - What type of cell division produces gametes?
Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Binary fission
d. Budding
Meiosis creates sperm and egg cells with half the chromosome number. - Which organ produces bile to aid in fat digestion?
Pancreas
b. Liver
c. Stomach
d. Gallbladder
The liver produces bile, which emulsifies fats for digestion. - What is the boiling point of water at standard pressure?
0°C
b. 100°C
c. 50°C
d. 200°C
Water boils at 100°C at 1 atm pressure. - Which part of the eye focuses light onto the retina?
Cornea
b. Lens
c. Iris
d. Pupil
The lens adjusts its shape to focus light for clear vision. - What is the primary function of white blood cells?
Transport oxygen
b. Fight infection
c. Clot blood
d. Carry nutrients
White blood cells defend the body against pathogens and infections. - Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Protein
b. Nucleic acid
c. Lipid
d. Carbohydrate
Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, encode genetic information. - What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?
Filters air
b. Contracts to inhale
c. Produces mucus
d. Warms air
The diaphragm contracts to expand the chest cavity for inhalation. - Which type of bond holds water molecules together?
Covalent
b. Ionic
c. Hydrogen
d. Metallic
Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules due to polarity. - What is the primary function of the small intestine?
Store waste
b. Absorb nutrients
c. Produce acid
d. Filter blood
The small intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream. - Which planet is closest to the Sun?
Venus
b. Mercury
c. Earth
d. Mars
Mercury orbits closest to the Sun in our solar system. - What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Carbohydrate
b. Phospholipid
c. Protein
d. Nucleic acid
Phospholipids form a bilayer that regulates cell membrane permeability. - Which gland regulates metabolism?
Pituitary
b. Thyroid
c. Adrenal
d. Pineal
The thyroid produces hormones that control metabolic rate. - What is the unit of force in the metric system?
Joule
b. Newton
c. Watt
d. Pascal
A newton measures force, equivalent to kg·m/s². - Which process describes water moving through a plant?
Photosynthesis
b. Transpiration
c. Respiration
d. Fermentation
Transpiration is the movement and evaporation of water through plant tissues. - What is the primary function of platelets?
Fight infection
b. Clot blood
c. Transport oxygen
d. Produce antibodies
Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding at injury sites. - Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
Nucleus
b. Lysosome
c. Ribosome
d. Mitochondrion
Lysosomes break down waste materials using digestive enzymes. - What is the chemical symbol for gold?
Ag
b. Au
c. Fe
d. Cu
Au represents gold on the periodic table. - Which system protects the body from pathogens?
Digestive
b. Immune
c. Skeletal
d. Respiratory
The immune system defends against infections and diseases. - What type of energy is stored in chemical bonds?
Kinetic
b. Potential
c. Thermal
d. Mechanical
Potential energy is stored in the chemical bonds of molecules. - Which structure connects bones to muscles?
Ligament
b. Tendon
c. Cartilage
d. Joint
Tendons attach muscles to bones for movement. - What is the primary pigment in photosynthesis?
Hemoglobin
b. Chlorophyll
c. Melanin
d. Carotene
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy to drive photosynthesis. - Which acid is found in the stomach?
Sulfuric acid
b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Nitric acid
d. Acetic acid
Hydrochloric acid aids digestion by breaking down food in the stomach. - What is the primary function of the alveoli?
Filter air
b. Exchange gases
c. Produce mucus
d. Warm air
Alveoli allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse between air and blood. - Which type of tissue connects and supports organs?
Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Muscle
d. Nervous
Connective tissue provides structural support and binds organs. - What is the SI unit of temperature?
Celsius
b. Kelvin
c. Fahrenheit
d. Rankine
Kelvin is the SI unit for temperature, starting at absolute zero.
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