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QUESTION
Bebop
Tenor saxophonist Dexter Gordon was a leading figure in bebop, drawing upon the styles of both of Count Basie’s tenor players, Lester Young and Herschel Evans, to forge his own style in the bebop idiom. His composition Bikini exhibits an interesting and unique hybrid form.Listen attentively to Bikini performed by Dexter Gordon, tenor saxophone (ts); Jimmy Bunn, piano (p); Red Callender, bass (b); and Chuck Thompson, drums (d); and address the following questions:
1. The order of solos in this piece is: Gordon, Bunn, Callender, and Thompson (at end). Provide counter numbers for the beginnings and ends of all four solos.
2. Compare and contrast the solo styles, and describe them. Listen to how they phrase or create musical lines over the chord changes. Try to include some detail.
3. How many choruses does each of them take? Note: This piece is a 44-bar hybrid AABA song form in which each A section is a 12-bar blues chord progression, while the B section (the bridge) is a standard 8-bar section. The first chorus is 00:11 to 01:00.
4. What is your impression of this piece? How do these bebop soloists differ from the swing soloists that you have heard? Does the bebop ensemble treat or arrange the melody differently from the swing big band arrangements (of melody) that you have heard? If so, how?
5. Generally speaking, this band would have performed for what type of audience?
Subject | Music | Pages | 4 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Bebop: Bikini Analysis
- The order of solos in this piece is: Gordon, Bunn, Callender, and Thompson (at end). The piece takes the AABA form. It features an initial A-section consisting of a typical theme of 12-bar minor blues. It also contains an 8-bar improvised bridge making up a mixture of songform .
The A theme is played once at the start and is not repeated at the end.
Counter numbers:
8-,4-,2-, 1-bar exchanges
- The piece is based on a strong music dance rhythmical foundation. In its basic, it features a solo-bass starting off and repeating a 2-bar phrase that works to the effect of accentuating contextual off-beats. Its middle 8 bars open up for solo before the rhythm section grows faint and disappears to usher in piano and drums.
- Choruses
The choruses taken by respective soloists are as shown below:
Intro |
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0.00 |
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Dexter Gordon, Tenor sax |
A |
00.11 |
A |
00.24 |
B |
00.38 |
A |
00.47 |
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|
A |
01.00 |
A |
01.14 |
B |
01.28 |
A |
01.37 |
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Jimmy Bunn, Piano |
A |
01.50 |
A |
02.05 |
B |
02.18 |
A |
02.27 |
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A |
02.46 |
A |
02.58 |
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Chuck Thompson, drum |
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|
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B |
03.12 |
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Gordon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
03.20 |
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This piece is a 44-bar hybrid AABA song form in which each A section is a 12-bar blues chord progression, while the B section (the bridge) is a standard 8-bar section. The choruses are as follows:
First chorus: 00:11 to 01:00
Second chorus: 00:24 to 01:14
Third chorus: 00.38 to 01:28
Fourth chorus: 00: 47 to 1.37
Fifth chorus: 01.50 to 02:44
Sixth chorus: 02:04 to 02:57
- Impression
Overall, this piece is characteristic of Dexter’s early compositions, which undoubtedly showed great influence from Dexter’s mentor, Lester Young (Evensmo, 2019; Havers, 2015). One way this influence is apparent is in terms of melody lines construction. While the style of these bebop soloist bears great resemblance to many a swing soloist, there is a notable difference is the frequent and extensive use of riffs, notably a signature of Lester. The emphasis on the melody line’s 9th, major 7th, and 6th is particularly notable. Like many other bebop style pieces, contextual melodies seem to be more singable, with less alterations and broken chords. The melodies have strong and appreciable rhythmical profiles, achieved by carefully and artistically balancing off-beat accentuations with on-the-beat tones.
- Generally speaking, this band would have performed for a live audience in a gospel atmosphere. While this audience would be active and as such participate, such participation would be of such nature that it allows the musicians to retain command of the performance.
References
Evensmo, J. (2019). The tenorsax of Dexter Gordon. Retrieved February 26, 2020 from http://www.jazzarcheology.com/artists/dexter_gordon.pdf Havers, R. (2015). Dexter Gordon-Master of the tenor sax. Udiscovermusic, https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/dexter-gordon-master-tenor-sax/
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