QUESTION
Biology 103 Nutrition
Unit 6 Discussion Topic:
Discuss the functional role, intake recommendation, and sources of both the major and trace minerals.
Discuss the diseases associated with deficiencies or toxicities of the major minerals.
| Subject | Biology | Pages | 3 | Style | APA |
|---|
Answer
Major and Trace Minerals
Human bodies require different minerals to remain healthy. These minerals must however remain in certain levels in the body since excess or lack of these minerals may hinder the normal functioning of the body. Some of the major nutrients include calcium, magnesium, chloride/sodium and potassium. The top trace minerals include chromium, zinc, iron and selenium. All these minerals function collectively to promoting the overall wellness of the body. As such, these major nutrients and trace minerals make the body to remain strong and physically fit (Mohammadifard et al., 2019). They also reduce stress levels and thus increased quality of life and individual’s performance. The table below indicates the type of mineral, functional role, the recommended intake and the possible sources of the mineral.
|
Mineral |
Functional Role |
Sources |
Recommended intake |
|
Calcium |
Building of bones, muscle contractions, nerve impulses’ transmissions, blood clotting, enzymes and hormonal activation, sustainability of normal heart rates, balancing of electrolyte |
Milk – 300 mg Yoghurt – 300mg Almonds – 100mg Cooked turnip greens – 100mg Sweet potato -50mg |
1,000mg to 1,300 mg per day |
|
Magnesium |
Neuromuscular coordination, immunity support, heart beat regulation, metabolic functions necessary for exercises, synthesis of macronutrient and nerve impulses’ transmission (Mohammadifard et al., 2019) |
Milk – 34mg Spinach – 78mg Brown rice – 86mg Hazenuts – 45mg Almonds – 77mg Lima beans – 63mg |
310 mg to 420mg |
|
Chloride/Sodium |
Blood pressure, provides digestive juices, nerve impulses’ transmission, regulation of blood volumes, muscle contractions and electrolyte balances |
Milk – 107mg Stalk celery -32mg Salt – 2,300mg Cured meats (one must read the labels) |
Chloride – 2.3g per day Sodium- 2,300 mg (persons with high blood pressure maximum of 1,500 mg of sodium) |
|
Potassium |
Acid-base balancing, heart’s electrical activity controls, Proteins and muscle building, utilization of carbohydrates and balancing of electrolyte |
Banana – 422mg Orange – 237 mg Baked potato with skins – 926mg Sunflower seeds – 241mg Spinach – 420mg |
4.7mg |
|
Iron |
Prevention of anemia or hemoglobin synthesis, cardiovascular performances, cellular functionality, metabolism, transmission of oxygen from lungs to body muscles and tissues |
Meat, poultry and sea-foods are heme sources while fortified foods and plants are non-heme sources. Oyster -8mg Beef- 1.6mg Lentils – 8mg White beans -8mg Spinach – 3mg |
8mg to 18mg |
|
Chromium |
Metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats |
Broccoli -11mcg (1/2 cup) Ham -10.4mcg Grape juice – 7.5mcg English muffin -3.6mcg |
20mcg to 35mcg |
|
Selenium |
Antioxidant enzymes production to improve recovery and prevention of cell damaging, metabolism of thyroid hormone (Kieliszek, 2019) |
Chicken -25mcg Sunflower seed kernel -18.6mcg Tuna -92mcg Brazil nuts 543mcg |
55mcg |
|
Zinc |
Cell division, |
Cooked oysters -27-50mg Pork – 1.9 to 3.5mg Cashews – 1.6mg Baked beans – 0.9 to 2.9mg |
8mg to 11mg |
Various diseases are associated with toxicities or lack of these major minerals. Some of these diseases include rickets, scurvy or the disease of the pirates, anemia or lack of sufficient blood cells in the body (Mohammadifard et al., 2019). Lack of sodium causes goiter while excessive zinc causes gastrointestinal disorders. Apart from development of brittle bones, lack of calcium is also associated with excessive bleeding. Excess or lack of iron may lead to cardiovascular problems.
References
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