Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
After making your observations of the patient this week, and after reading about and researching the conditions covered in this module, you will now put it all together in a report.
You should spend approximately 6 hours on this assignment.
Submit your assignment here. Detailed instructions for this assignment are found in the Module 2 Assignment: Research and Report section of this module.
Instructions
In at least 750 words, or 3 double-spaced pages, prepare a case report that addresses the following:
Based on the case study provided, respond to the following questions:
Mention the symptoms and signs you found in this patient.
Did you find any remarkable detail in the personal and social history of our patient that can help to make the diagnosis?
What is a silent myocardial infarction, and why did it happen to this patient?
What results do you expect to find in the tests ordered?
What are some differential diagnoses?
What are some complications of myocardial infarction?
The patient suffers from silent myocardial infarction, but there are other types of heart diseases. Consider these questions:
Describe the heart valvular disorders and how they can produce cardiac failure.
What is endocarditis, and what are the most common causes?
How many types of shocks are there? Explain them.
As a lifetime smoker, the patient is at risk of several respiratory disorders. Consider these questions:
What is COPD? What are the three most common diseases that produce a COPD? What are their causes?
What is asthma? Explain the origin of its symptoms.
What is a pneumothorax? What are its symptoms and signs, and what are its causes?
All references must be cited using APA Style format. Please refer to the CCCOnline APA Citation Toolkit. Submit your paper to the Module 2 Assignment: Research and Report assignment folder.
Sample Solution
What are the treatment options for our patient? Case Report: A 75-year-old male presented to the clinic with a chief complaint of chest pain and shortness of breath. He reported that he had been experiencing these symptoms intermittently for four days prior to his visit, but they had become more severe in the past 24 hours. The patient’s medical history revealed that he had hypertension and high cholesterol, both of which were managed with medications. His family history included coronary artery disease and stroke. Upon physical examination, the patient was tachycardic and hypotensive, with an elevated respiratory rate. Auscultation of the heart revealed decreased cardiac output due to a silent myocardial infarction (MI).
While, Silke (2004) had warned that the war-weariness exhibited by researchers regarding the terrorism definition challenge, needed to be surmounted (p. 208), others like Grob-Frizgibbon (2005) had indicated that arriving at a generally acceptable definition remained critical, especially in the post 9/11 environment. In addition, resolving the debate holds great benefits across the different layers of society. For instance, it would amount to a significant breakthrough in the theoretical advancement of the field of terrorism studies, and by extension positive outcomes for policy formation and legislation (Richards, 2014); aid in the understanding of the various shades and expressions of terrorism (Schmid, 2004a); curb terrorism (Schmid; 2004b); rein in the excesses of state apparatus in counterterrorism campaigns (Golder & William, 2004); and assist in the litigation process by delineating what counts as terrorism and who a terrorist is (Hodgson & Tadros, 2013). Resolving this debacle is also critical for addressing some of the challenges encountered by terrorism databases as well as their sources. Although most of the criticisms against the data sources are traceable to their methodologies, at the core lies the issue of definition. The question, then is, why has it been near impossible to arrive at a consensual definition of terrorism?
One of the principal challenges of the terrorism definition debacle is linked to the nature of the word itself. Terrorism as will be discussed on the next of section, has had varied implications, meaning and expressions overtime. The flexibility in the use of the word is akin to most socially constructed concepts, which are subject to bias and multiple interpretations by powerful social actors. Jackson, Jarvis, Gunning and Smyth (2011) have also noted that arriving at a fixed definition of terrorism would be paradoxical, and would rid it of its “ontologically unstable” feature (p. 119). Yet, Richard (2014) had argued that the adoption of a generally acceptable definition remains crucial, especially one that would represent the current expressions of terrorism. However, his claim that terrorism-based literature in the past 40 years had signified “that terrorism entails the intent to generate a wider psychological impact beyond the immediate victims” (p. 219) is in direct conflict with Weinberg, Pedahzur and Hirsch-Hoefler’s (2004) findings, where the pundits observed that lesser emphasis was placed on the psychological component of terrorism, due to the non-observable nature of the phenomenon.
Another challenge confronting the definition of terrorism is proba