Cardiovascular Surgeries

P​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​ART 1: You are a health practitioner that works in labour and delivery at the local hospital. Wilma, a mother under your care gives birth and newborn baby Fred has a blood sample that is obtained from the heel to undergo screening. This screening indicates that the baby has Sickle Cell Anemia. (9 marks) 1. Describe the normal shape and characteristics of an erythrocyte and the importance of this shape to its function (3 marks). 2. How does an erythrocyte carry oxygen (2 marks)? 3. What causes Sickle Cell Anemia (2 marks)? 4. Describe what happens to the shape of the erythrocyte as a result of this cause (2 marks)? PART 2: You explain to Wilma that Sickle Cell Disease can cause Fred’s red blood cells to be destroyed faster than normal. In addition, a major consequence of this disorder can be blood vessel occlusion (blockage of the blood vessels). In many cases, this could be experienced as pain and hypoxia in affected tissues. (20 marks) 5. What impact would Sickle Cell Anemia have on the hematocrit (1 mark)? 6. If the right internal carotid artery was to become blocked, what organ would be affected (1 mark)? 7. What would be the impact of such a blockage (1 mark)? 8. If t​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​he external carotid artery was to become blocked, what structures would be impacted (3 marks)? 9. Describe the blood vessel pathway of a blood cell from the left ventricle to the cerebral arterial circle (aka Circle of Willis) (3 marks). 10. If the Anterior Interventricular Branch of the Left Coronary Artery was to become blocked, what major organ would be affected (1 mark)? 11. Describe the blood vessel pathway of a blood cell from the left ventricle to the Anterior Interventricular Branch of the Left Coronary Artery (3 marks). 12. The spleen is especially susceptible to damage with Sickle Cell Anemia. What is the function of the spleen in relation to erythrocytes (1 mark)? 13. Describe the pathway of an erythrocyte from the left ventricle to the spleen (3 marks). 14. Bone marrow transplants have the potential to cure Sickle Cell Anemia in symptomatic children. Briefly explain the reason for this (3 marks). REFERENCES (3 marks): – References should be cited using APA style for both in text citations and the reference list. At least two citations are required but can be from any reputable source (in other words – not Wikipedia, but reputable websites or the textbook are f​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​ine).