Answer

Climate Change and Extreme Weather

1. What is climate change?

            Climate change is a difference in the average weather found in an area. This might be a difference in how considerable rain an area typically experiences in a year. Otherwise, it can be an alteration in an area’s average temperature for a season or month. Climate change is likewise an adjustment in earth’s temperature. This can be an adjustment in earth’s average temperature. It might be a difference in where snow and rain normally fall on the ground. This essay will discuss what causes climate change, arguing that climate change leads to extreme weather and how climate change and severe weather can influence crop production.

2. What Causes Climate Change?

1. Why Greenhouse Gas cause climate change

            Greenhouse gas is any gas that can capture electromagnetic energy, also called net heat energy, produced from Earth’s ground and reradiating it back to Earth’s land, thus leading to the greenhouse effect (Boudet et al., 2020). Methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapour are the most significant greenhouse gases. Thus, greenhouse gases trap heat inside the surface-troposphere system.

            Greenhouse gases are mainly accountable for the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect arises as to the sun blasts the earth’s surface with enormous volumes of radioactivity, which hit Earth’s troposphere in the method of visible brightness, plus (UV) ultraviolet, (IR) infrared, and other sorts of energy that are unseen to the human eye (Fownes & Allred, 2019). Around 30 percent of the radioactivity hitting the ground is mirrored back out to planetary by clouds, ice, and other reflective surfaces. The outstanding 70 percent is captivated by the land, the atmosphere and the ocean. As land, ocean, and atmosphere absorb radiation and heat, the land, oceans, atmosphere, and land let go of the heat in the IR thermal radiation system, which moves out of the air into the planetary. Figure 1 below illustrates the increase in greenhouse gases considerably between 1990 and 2010.

Figure 1: Emission of greenhouse gases worldwide

1. What is Global Warming

Global warming, the steady solar heating of the surface of the Earth, oceans, and atmosphere, is triggered by activities done by human beings, mostly the flaming of fossil fuels that drive (CO2) carbon dioxide, methane, and added greenhouse gases into the air (Janković & Schultz, 2017). Global warming arises when (CO2) carbon dioxide and other air contaminants and greenhouse gases gather in the air and grip solar radiation and sunlight that have recoiled off the Earth’s superficial.

1. Why Global warming causes climate change

            One of the most significant direct and noticeable effects of global warming is the rise in temperatures from place to place the world (Moazami et al., 2019). Extreme weather is also another result of global warming. Climate variations may source the polar jet watercourse in the edge amid the warm equatorial air and the cold North Pole air to drift south, carrying with it cold, Chilly air. Figure 2 below shows rising global men surface temperature between 1880 to 2000.

Figure 2: Global mean surface temperature

1. Why Human Activities causes climate change

            Humans influence the physical atmosphere in numerous ways: pollution, overpopulation, deforestation and flaming fossil coals. These changes have generated climate differences, poor air quality, soil erosion, and undrinkable water (Meng, 2019). This increases enormous volumes of greenhouse gases to those logically taking place in the air, cumulating the greenhouse effect and global warming. Human activities are the foremost origins of climate change. Figure 3 shows the expected rate of CO2 emissions by 2030 which has been raising considerable since 1990.

Figure 3: Fossil fuel CO2 emissions

3. Climate Change Lead to Extreme Weather

            Scientific research shows that intensive weather occurences in the form of storms and heat waves are expected to increase their frequency or become stronger with human-induced climate variations (Michalak, 2016). Events such as drought, high temperature, Hail, storms, floods, and the increase in the number of insects result from climate change.

1. Why climate change cause Drought

High temperatures result in excessive evaporation of water from the soil making days and nights to be very hot (Stott, 2016). This results in periods of low precipitations leading to very dry soils which are typical for droughts. Dry soils and reduced plant cover can also suppress rainfall leading to further dry ground. Reduction in the availability of water in this already arid area may pressure regular schemes and further endanger water distribution.

1. Why climate change cause High Temperature

Greenhouse gases trap more heat from the earth’s atmosphere which makes the average temperatures to rise among the normal levels. The gases interfere with the ozone layer. The ozone layer is a gaseous layer that protects extreme heat from reaching the earth surface (Sisco et al., 2017). Greenhouse gases interfere with protective strata of ozone causing more heat to reach the earth atmosphere.

1. Why climate change cause Hail

Changing atmospheric conditions causes melting levels to go high which makes hails forming higher in the atmosphere to fall down (Urry, 2015). Hail occurs when hail melts before it reaches the ground and makes the hail to reach the earth surface. Hail forms thunderstorm clouds with intense waters where cloud layer ranges below 0 degrees. 

1. Why climate change cause Storm

Increased temperature causes more water vapor to get into the atmosphere. As the water vapor continues to increase in the atmosphere, it fuels more powerful storms to develop. (Valverde & Convertino, 2019). Global warming effects increase the amount of water droplets in the atmosphere which fuel the development of storms.

1. Why climate change cause Floods

Climate change increases the level of water vapor in the atmosphere making volumes of water on the earth very unpredictable. This factor increases rainstorms by a larger magnitude which results in excess rainfall (Valverde & Convertino, 2019). Climate change causes an imbalanced rainfall situation which makes some regions to experience higher rainfalls while other regions experience lesser rainfalls which lead to increased floods.

1. Why climate change can increase the amount of Insects

            Changes in temperatures that straight affect insects and decreased host tree struggle triggered by variations in rainfall may lead to forest insect growth in population. Otherwise, interruption of the limited version to Climate might result in limited population excision (Zhao et al., 2018). Forest insect inhabitants are inclined by temperature and other conservational circumstances, and upcoming variations in Climate can be anticipated to distress forest insect epidemics. More remarkable and more common insect occurrences might happen in some cases, but in other events, ongoing events might be disturbed.

4. Conclusion

            Climate change and extreme weather can influence crop production. Research results exposed that Climate simulates crop production, with risen cold temperatures related to advanced crop production and increased hot temperatures taking a negative effect on revenue. Enlarged rainfall was positively associated with net crop produce. More extreme precipitation and temperature might stop crops from budding. Drastic measures, especially droughts and floods, may harm reduce yields and harvests. Coping with drought can be an encounter in parts where increasing hot temperatures make soils to be drier.