Concept Analysis Assignment

Answer

1. Concept Analysis: Barriers to Consistent Prenatal Care by Women Residing in Rural Areas

   Antecedents

   1. Poor transportation is an event which makes accessing prenatal care almost impossible for women residing in rural areas.
   2. Lack of education about the benefits of prenatal care visits among the women residing in rural areas is considered as a factor which results to the lack of consistency in the prenatal care visits.
   3. The feeling of stigma and shame related with the teenage women’s pregnancy is also a factor which prevents women living in the rural destinations from accessing prenatal care consistently.
   4. Poor means of transportation reflected by the inaccessible roads common within the rural areas is a factor which inhibits pregnant women in the region from accessing care.
   5. The high direct cost of prenatal care is also an event which constitutes the situation whereby women find it difficult to access consistent prenatal care

   Consequences

               According to Ntoimo et al. (2019) indicate that the prenatal care conducted routinely has played a vital role in reducing instances of miscarriages, maternal deaths, birth defects, neonatal infections, and birth defects among other preventable infections likely to be recorded during the pregnancy season. Therefore, failing to access this service can result to fundamental health concerns as consequences.

   1. An increased potential of increased cases of maternal complications among women residing in rural destinations is one of the potential consequences of failing to access prenatal care services by women.
   2. Increased cases of maternal deaths
   3. Increased cases of delivering malnourished children who are at a risk of health concern due to their poor immunity and health.
   4. Increased cases of neonatal infections, birth defects and other potential health concerns likely to be experienced by the mother and the child after birth.

   Empirical Referents

               Different measures can be implemented to provide an insight into the seriousness of the case of how pregnant women living in the rural areas find it difficult to access prenatal care services. For instance, the rates at which the roads are inaccessible are considered as a measure which determines the level at which pregnant women in the rural areas access prenatal care services. When the roads are highly accessible, the pregnant women residing in the rural destinations will be able to easily access the prenatal care services. However, in the events when the roads are highly inaccessible, the rates at which the pregnant women residing in the rural destinations access prenatal care services are significantly reduced.

               The rate at which the women living in the rural destinations access education services on the benefits of accessing prenatal care services is considered as an effective measure. Evidently, the women who are better informed have an increased ability of accessing care services when pregnant. On the contrary when pregnant women residing in rural destinations have a better education on the importance of accessing prenatal care services, it is highly evident that the women residing in the rural destinations will highly access the prenatal care services.

               The third measure to be considered includes the associated amounts of direct costs of prenatal care services. Evidently, in the events when the direct costs of prenatal care services are high, the rate at which the pregnant women residing in rural areas access prenatal care services is significantly reduced. On the contrary, in the events when the costs of prenatal care services is significantly high, the pregnant women residing in rural areas choose to access prenatal care services is suppressed (WHO, 2020).

   Consistent with major Policy Document

               Prenatal care policy is one of the common policies which are focused on encouraging women to access quality prenatal care services despite the fact that they are residing in a rural destination. According to Eibner (2020), it is evident that over the past five years, there has been a bipartisan consensus which provides a depiction of the fact that the low birth weight has remained to be a significant concern, especially among women residing in rural destinations. The affordable care act is one of the prominent pieces of legislation which has been implemented within the field of nursing to ensure that all people obtain equitable care services. For instance, the people located within the lower economic bracket are required to access the same level of healthcare services as those considered as economically capable persons.

               Looking at the concept of the prenatal care services as accessed by the women residing in rural areas, it is evident that the situation is directly linked to policy of Affordable Care Act. Notably, the concept provides a depiction that equity is not observed when providing health care services to the members of the population. Notably, different factors act as a hindrance factor preventing women from accessing quality care. Evidently, the pregnant women in the rural areas cannot access regular check-ups offered the midwives or consistent doctor services focused on preventing any potential health problems which a woman is likely to experience during the course of the pregnancy. The barriers experienced by the women in such destination have discouraged the women residing in the rural areas from accessing any form of prenatal care services to prevent cases of maternal complications. As presented by Edward, Senadza and Arthur (2013), the physical accessibility factors are defined by several aspects such as bad roads or lack of affordable means of transportation, which force the women to walk over long distances because they can access the care facilities despite them being pregnant.

               The pregnant women living in the rural destinations are also discouraged from accessing quality care services based on the fact most women find it difficult to physically avail themselves to the facilities offering the care services. Arguably, in the rural areas, the care facilities are mainly located far away from the residential areas which function as a discouraging factor for the women seeking to access the care services being offered for the pregnant women. This factor is directly related to the cases of the direct cost, which increases for the women living in faraway destinations, or those who opt to access the care services offered in private hospitals. The cost challenge is further reinforced by the inability of the women to pay since most of the women residing in the rural areas are from the lower socioeconomic class.

               The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a piece of legislation enacted in 2010. The act has played a significant role in transforming the American health care landscape (Eibner, 2020). The primary goals of the law included reducing the number of uninsured, promote the affordability of coverage, and enhance the rate at which people can access quality care (Eibner, 2020). As a result, the law expanded the eligibility for Medicaid and established new marketplaces where people who did not have employer coverage could directly interact with the insurers and purchase policies (Eibner, 2020). Despite the associated benefits, efforts have been underway to replace the ACA. Therefore, it is evident that the requirements of the Affordable care Act have not been fully implemented in the case of the preventive care concept since the coverage of the preventive services still remains to be a factor of concern.

   Current and Future Applications

               Different factors have been identified in the case of preventive care as related with the pregnant women residing in rural destinations. For instance, it has been derived that cost and physical barriers is the primary factors which discourage women from accessing preventive care in the rural destinations. This has further jeopardized the health of the mother and the child as majorly experienced during the times of delivery. For instance, maternal complications are highly likely of the mother has not effective accessed the care services focused of upholding health. This poses a future implication in the field of nursing. For instance, the need to address the cost and the physical barriers with a primary aim of promoting the equitability of the care services offered even to the women residing in the rural destinations. Moreover, this topic poses a future implication suggesting the need to devise policies that are more efficient which ensures that care services are delivered to the women residing to the women living in such destinations to overcome the challenge of transportation and costs. The outcome is an improved health outcome.

   Model that summarizes the topic

    

    

    

Answer

Al Gore’s “An Inconvenient Truth” Movie Analysis

            While delivering a speech, persuasion is essential in convincing the audience to listen to their ideas in their address. In An Inconvenient Truth, former US Vice President Al – Gore speaks on global warming as an encroaching crisis affecting its atmosphere and the environment as his central message. Al- Gore effectively persuades the audience into joining his cause against global warming by using persuasive communication strategies, a solid introduction, rhetoric strategies, oral citations, proper speech delivery, and presentation aids to evoke the audience in supporting his cause.

            Al- Gore’s successfully incorporates a solid speech introduction to attract the audience’s attention. He begins the introduction with a joke alluding to him being the “former future president of the United States.” The use of such a satirical comment evokes the audience wondering who would be bold enough to stand on stage after losing a race, such as the presidential election. This captures the audience to be more involving in his speech and sit for a better listening into the matters at hand. Later on, he introduces his speech topic by focusing on his central message, outlining his whole address's main points. Finally, it eases the audience by showing a mangrove parchment indicated to involve the audience in relating to a preserved environment before expounding on his speech. The audience is engaged after this as he gets into his central message and further engaging in his speech.

Al-Gore's excellently persuades the audience by using ethos as a rhetorical strategy throughout the speech.  Ethos employs a sense of trustworthiness and competence that enables the audience to believe in the speaker's credibility. He shows ethos by acknowledging his commitment to the earth as an environmental activist. Al- Gore's speech is based on expansive research that helps the audience trust his competence in speaking on the issue. Al- Gore's possesses charisma and positive energy that attracts the audience to remain rooted in listening to his appeal towards addressing global warming. As characteristics of applying ethos in a speech, the combination of dynamism and competence draws the crowd to become trustworthy with his presentation and remains attentive throughout the address.

Al- Gore’s effectively employs persuasive communication strategies that include positive motivation, negative motivation, cognitive dissonance, non-verbal communication, and appeals to self-esteem in his speech. Positive and negative motivations are essential in persuading the audience to venture into addressing global warming to achieve positive outcomes in the environment. Consequently, Al-Gore uses negative motivation to convince the audience that failure to look into measures of curbing global warming and climate change, the earth might end up like the few places he depicts in his comparison photographs and videos. Cognitive dissonance helps change one's perspective to something by discomforting norms and beliefs to persuade an audience towards change. At the start of the documentary, Al-Gore introduces a short video of a beautiful mangrove parchment that would stay in the back of the audience's mind on what should be safeguarded.  To destabilize the audience, he shows pictorials of areas devastated by global warming, evoking fear and panic for the world that has become dormant in addressing this issue. Intertwined, with his central idea, Al- Gore persuades the audience in a bleak and disheartened tone to fight for preserving the environment.

            In addition, Al-Gore’s effectually uses non-verbal communication in his body language is established through a dejected worrying tone for identifying with the audience on the prevailing situation. Al- Gore’s body movement showed confidence in his walk and constant interactiveness with the audience. Al – Gore also has a confiden, genuine smile appearing as a well- groomed and dressed man in delivering his speech. In the documentary, Al-Gore's clear expression of displeasure with people who negated around global warming instead of addressing is clear.  Al-Gore aimed to show concern for the issue. Al –Gore's self-esteem pushes his central message across the audience by focusing on positivity and the audience's contributions to curb global warming. His articulation of each point across helps in building confidence with the audience. His confidence in his speech persuades the audience to be on board the matter.

            Oral citations are well used in An Inconvenient Truth to capture the audience's attention. Al- Gore uses oral citations effectively to show reliability, credibility, and validity of information conveyed in his speech address. Denoting empirical evidence from videos, charts, and maps allude the audience into believing that Al- Gore critically researched the issue and came up with a profound speech to convince the audience to join his cause to remove fallacies on wrong information presented in his speech. Virtually, his research pays off as he captures the audience in his factual interactions on the matter.

Al – Gore excellently uses presentation aids like projected images, comparison photographs, short videos, satirical cartoons, and info graphs like maps and charts to help persuade his audience to come to his plea in preserving the environment by combating global warming. Projected images show areas adversely affected by global warming, including flooded areas. The short videos as well show people injured due to flooding. The graphs and maps show empirical evidence of the effects of global warming in areas. A comparison of videos and pictures shows how some places were before global warming and its impact after years. All these visual aids serve as areas involving the audience's concern and worry over the deteriorating ecosystem around us. Al-Gore was not shy off, including videos of politicians passing over the global warming issue through satirical cartoons while also poking at renowned scientists worldwide who showed the existence of climate change. As much as Al-Gore is a politician, he intended for the audience to understand that his concern was for the environment and endeavors towards combating global warming rather than politically-driven shows with aspirations of a political seat.

Lastly, Al- Gore successfully uses ethos, pathos, and logos strategies to capture the audience's attention in his speech. Ethos employs a sense of trustworthiness and competence that enables the audience to believe in the speaker's credibility. He shows ethos by acknowledging his commitment to the earth as an environmental activist. The documentary shows the incorporation of logos through his presentation of scientific facts that support his claims to global warming as an issue of concern. Lastly, his attributes to incorporate his son's demise into comparing it to his commitment to the environment show pathos as a rhetoric strategy.  Successful integration of photographs and videos of areas affected by global warming helped provoke the audience to support his cause towards alleviating global warming.

In conclusion, Al – Gore effectively incorporates persuasive communication strategies, a solid introduction, rhetoric strategies, oral citations, proper speech delivery, and presentation aids to evoke the audience in supporting his fight against global warming.  Using all these techniques successfully convinces the audience to have a concern about the deteriorating ecosystem. Having watched the documentary, I am persuaded to carry on the legacy of conserving our environment as an environmental ambassador.         

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