Contemporary population geography issue

Answer

Historical Epidemic- Cholera Disease

Annotated Bibliography- Cholera as a Historical Burden

Ali, M., Nelson, A. R., Lopez, A. L., & Sack, D. A. (2015). Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 9(6), e0003832

The author focuses on the global economic burden of cholera, where he gives estimates made on total number of cholera related cases and deaths. He outlines the rate at which countries send victims to the World Health Organization (WHO) for adjusting existing gaps and inconsistencies. The main weakness of this article is that it lacks an accurate report due to capacity limitations for proper surveillance on the economic extend by which cholera economically affects performance. However, it has pointed out different political, social and economic disincentives with regards to global burden of cholera outbreak. It has identified different countries within which cholera outbreak incidences affected food importation and tourism sectors. Such efforts can be achievement through water and sanitations systems improvement, introduction of cholera vaccination and improving people’s access to good and quality healthcare services.

Ali, M. F., Faruque, A. S. G., & Malek, M. A. (2017). Socio-demographic Determinants of Water Treatment in Cholera Patients and Clinical Presentation of Disease: A Decade of Observation from a Large Urban Diarrhoeal Disease Hospital in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 42(3), 125-131.

On a demographic perspective of cholera related implications, main argument point of the author is a concern on how cholera, a health problem, claims lives of a number of people while posing substantial strains on the public health resources. Between 2004 and 2013, data was collected and further analyzed for assessment of socio-demographic elements of water treatment and how they impacted on cholera patients, hence total world human population. The main strength of this article is that it displays a very close association between water treatment, slum residence, family income and general hygiene as main factors accelerating cholera spread and their control strategies to reduce mortality rates. Moreover, it outlines how socio-demographic factors comprise the main determinants of water treatment system among cholera patients while increasing its severity through clinical manifestations.

Paper Outline

Cholera is a highly infectious acute disease which spreads swiftly and at a high rate within and between countries and regions, and this research focuses on its global implications ("Physical inactivity: global pandemic and economic burden", 2016). It is a life-threatening pandemic, which if not controlled, claims lives of many people. Approximately 75% of total population become victims of cholera, due to consumption of unsafe water and food resources. A good percentage of those infected by cholera still fail to show signs of illness in a very long period of time, a factor resulting into a high spread rate of the disease within regions frequently travelled to by people.

The main aim of studying and researching on this historical pandemic is identification of its economic implications and how it affects general GDP, demand and supply of goods and services. On a minor scale, how it impacts on demographic patterns alongside other social implications, hence the general global performance. It will equally focus on detailed discussion of global demographic implications of cholera pandemic (The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2017), an outline of how the entire world population has been impacted upon by cholera disease outbreak and the estimated frequency of its occurrence.

In summary, cholera still remains of global concern since it is a public health problem in most of the developing countries, which is known to inappropriately affect the disadvantaged groups. Remedy to this therefore is need for global efforts for improving cholera surveillance while reducing the general economic burden that is as a result.