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- QUESTION
Please review attached articles and below instructions for the completion of the assignment.. Answer all the questions.
1. Review the section entitled Lack of representativeness of reported cases on page 5-54. Do you believe that reported Covid-19 cases are accurate? Or do you think that either of the types of bias discussed are influencing reporting?
2. Think about the Covid-19 outbreak, and the discussion in the text of syndromic surveillance (5-9 to 5-12). What would be some good reasons to conduct syndromic surveillance and what would be good reasons not to conduct syndromic surveillance?
3. Look at the reasons for common causes of artifactual surveillance in the middle of page 5-31 in the text. Do you think that any of those common causes are occurring in the Covid-19 epidemic?
| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 2 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Coronavirus Discussion Assignment
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19), is an infectious disease that is caused by newly discovered virus has not only caused several deaths, but has also disrupted social gathering preventing several activities that include jobs, sports, and prayers. However, it has been marred with controversies that are related to its source, the number of cases, and preventive measures that have been recommended by health organizations and experts to prevent it. This essay, based on Chapter 5-Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, responds to poised questions about coronavirus.
Question 1
I do not believe that the reported cases of COVID 19 are correct. One of the major cause of the biasness is media attention. Certain countries stopped reporting the cases as a result of high number of positive cases yet have inadequate guidelines as indicated by World Health Organization to prevent the spread of the disease. Although the aforementioned issue is more likely to happen in developing countries, some developed countries particularly China is accused of biased reporting where several people are believed to have died of COVID-19 without being reported. On the same note, some developing countries have also been accused of inflating the number of cases to get aid from health organizations and developed countries to prevent the disease. As it is stands, there are several individuals with COVID-19 that have not been reported as a result of not showing severe symptoms of the disease.
Question 2
In the case of COVID -19, there are several good reasons to conduct syndromic surveillance. The first reason is to prevent the spread of the disease by treating individuals who have shown its signs symptoms. Apparently, in cases of diseases that have no vaccines and treatment such as COVID-19, managing the symptoms is the first line of treatment, hence syndromic surveillance would reveal individuals with such symptoms and signs. The second reason of conducting syndromic surveillance is to inexpensively identify individuals with the disease. The reason why accurate number of people with the disease cannot be obtained is expenses incurred during clinical testing. It is evident that testing is expensive that some countries and individuals may not afford, a factor that makes syndromic surveillance alternative diagnostic tool. Lastly, syndromic surveillance reduces clinical testing of everybody, but narrows to individuals who have shown signs and symptoms of the disease. This makes clinical testing not only accurate, but also cheap since it goes to target population. On the other hand, one good reason not to conduct syndromic surveillance is that it provides wrong data about the disease. For example, not all people who have difficulty in breathing and coughs suffer from COVID-19.
Question 3
Artifactual surveillance is the increase of the number of cases that is not caused by the disease. Some of the common causes that are highlighted in the text and can also be observed in the case of COVID-19 include improved diagnostic procedures, enhanced reporting, and batch reporting. Basically, the cases have been increasing in some regions because of mass testing, which is an improved diagnostic procedure where several individuals including those who have no signs are being tested. For example, some countries were only testing 2,000 people; however, when they started testing more than 10,000 people in a day, the cases began to increase. Additionally, enhanced reporting has also increased the number of cases. For example, some countries were not providing data about the COVID 19; however, when they started reporting accurate figures, the numbers started to increase.
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