QUESTION
Critical analysis of the literature
Written assignment: Critical analysis of the literature 1000 words
A minimum of 20 scholarly articles per topic from relevant peer-reviewed journals and textbooks are to be used throughout this process
SUBJECT NAME:CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
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| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 5 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Critical analysis of literature: Clinical Infectious Diseases
Understanding clinical infectious diseases are critical in the process of developing prevention, management, and treatment intervention. Various studies have established that clinical infectious diseases occur due to exposure to microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites (Rotrosen & Neuzil, 2017). Establishing effective control measures, including vaccinations, entails understanding the prevalence of infections concerning regions. One of the significant strengths of the literature under review underlines the fact that it focuses on tropical climates. Although virtually every region of the world experience threats of different infections, the prevalence in tropical regions remains high (Yang et al., 2018) and (Alonso et al., 2018).
The fact that the literature evaluates the subject of clinical infectious diseases concerning a tropical region, Singapore, implies that it builds its argument from a wide range of reliable resources. Tropical regions are disease-prone due to factors such as warm climate that motivate insect population growth (Gaidet, 2016). Cold climates control insect population through forced hibernation, implying that the risk exposure to diseases remains low (Pan et al., 2019). The fact that the literature focuses on a tropical region in Singapore provides a strong point of view in assessing risk exposures, control, and prevention measures. It is understood that trials focusing on clinical infectious diseases are robust in tropical regions due to the high prevalence rate (Raboni et al., 2018).
One area of focus in the literature regards the risk exposure of health workers to influenza in Singapore. It is essential to understand that influenza contributes to nearly a million global deaths annually (Troeger et al., 2019) and (Iuliano et al., 2018). The burden of influenza morbidity and mortality is high in tropical regions than in temperate regions (Flannery et al., 2018). Seasonality is less defined in tropical climates that imply high-risk exposure to influenza than in temperate climate (Kramer & Shaman, 2019). The focus on influenza in the literature, especially in establishing control for infections against health workers, is critical as the overall protection of public health. It is an essential aspect that it mentions influenza vaccination as a component of transmission prevention and protection of patients and healthcare workers (Pless et al., 2017).
Although vaccination presents opportunities for controlling the prevalence of infectious diseases, the literature highlights a component that might be ignored in ensuring the safety of patients and healthcare workers (Van Hooste & Bekaert, 2019). Since it provides an ethical argument of vaccination and the need for the process to ensure consent and autonomy of healthcare workers, it highlights respect for individuals in care processes (Kubar, 2018). It advances adherence to clinical practices that support ethics, which is critical in building trust. Although healthcare workers must get a vaccination against influenza, mandatory vaccination can trigger alarm and mistrust among health workers and patients (Innis et al., 2019). The fact that dwells on ethics of vaccination implies that it is vital reading in promoting practices in healthcare based on standards and which are crucial in achieving better control outcomes against clinical infectious diseases (Navin, 2017).
Although the literature provides a robust discussion on control of influenza using vaccination among healthcare workers, its limitation emerges from the fact that it fails to mention other plausible approaches that can be used to mitigate it (Sullivan et al., 2017). It fails to assess modes of transmission of influenza and mechanism such as appropriate management of ill HCP in prevention (Perl & Talbot, 2019). Limiting the scope of prevention to vaccination leaves out practical approaches such implementation of respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette and implementation of environmental and engineering infection control measures (CDCP, 2013). However, the literature is a good read for understanding vaccination as an essential component of influenza control (Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2017)
References
Alonso, W. J., Freitas, A. R., & Schuck-Paim, C. (2018). Bangladesh and Rwanda: a case for a high burden of influenza in tropical countries?. PeerJ Preprints, 6, e26705v1.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Prevention strategies for seasonal influenza in healthcare settings. Guidelines and Recommendations. 2013.
Committee on Infectious Diseases. (2017). Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2017–2018. Pediatrics, 140(4).
Flannery, B., Chung, J. R., Belongia, E. A., McLean, H. Q., Gaglani, M., Murthy, K., ... & Monto, A. S. (2018). Interim estimates of 2017–18 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness—United States, February 2018. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(6), 180.
Gaidet, N. (2016). Ecology of avian influenza virus in wild birds in tropical Africa. Avian diseases, 60(1s), 296-301.
Gupta, A., Goyal, N., Ray, S., Chawla, N., & Chauhan, P. (2019). H1N1 outbreak onboard A warship: ethics of vaccination, to give or not to. Int Rev Armed Forces Med Serv, 92, 20-24.
Iuliano, A. D., Roguski, K. M., Chang, H. H., Muscatello, D. J., Palekar, R., Tempia, S., ... & Wu, P. (2018). Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. The Lancet, 391(10127), 1285-1300.
Innis, B. L., Scorza, F. B., Blum, J. S., Jain, V. K., Aguilar, A. O., Post, D. J., ... & Bresee, J. (2019). Meeting report: Convening on the influenza human viral challenge model for universal influenza vaccines, Part 1: Value; challenge virus selection; regulatory, industry and ethical considerations; increasing standardization, access and capacity. Vaccine, 37(35), 4823-4829.
Kramer, S. C., & Shaman, J. (2019). Development and validation of influenza forecasting for 64 temperate and tropical countries. PLoS computational biology, 15(2), e1006742.
Kubar, O. I. (2018). Ethics of vaccination as the criteria of the scientific and humanistic approach. Инфекция и иммунитет, 8(4), 507.
Navin, M. C. (2017, March). The ethics of vaccination nudges in pediatric practice. In HEC forum (Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 43-57). Springer Netherlands.
Pan, M., Yang, H. P., Jian, J., Kuang, Y., Xu, J. N., Li, T. S., ... & Li, W. Y. (2019). Association of meteorological factors with seasonal activity of influenza A subtypes and B lineages in subtropical western China. Epidemiology & Infection, 147.
Perl, T. M., & Talbot, T. R. (2019, April). Universal influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel: yes we should. In Open forum infectious diseases (Vol. 6, No. 4, p. ofz096). US: Oxford University Press.
Pless, A., Shaw, D., McLennan, S., & Elger, B. S. (2017). Nurses’ attitudes towards enforced measures to increase influenza vaccination: a qualitative study. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 11(3), 247-253.
Raboni, S. M., Moura, F. E., Caetano, B. C., Avanzi, V. M., Pereira, L. A., Nogueira, M. B., ... & Puig-Barbera, J. (2018). Global Influenza Hospital-based Surveillance Network (GIHSN): results of surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses in hospitalised patients in Brazil, 2015. BMJ open, 8(2).
Rotrosen, E. T., & Neuzil, K. M. (2017). Influenza: a global perspective. Pediatric Clinics, 64(4), 911-936.
Sullivan, S. G., Chilver, M. B., Carville, K. S., Deng, Y. M., Grant, K. A., Higgins, G., ... & Tran, T. (2017). Low interim influenza vaccine effectiveness, Australia, 1 May to 24 September 2017. Eurosurveillance, 22(43), 17-00707.
Troeger, C. E., Blacker, B. F., Khalil, I. A., Zimsen, S. R., Albertson, S. B., Abate, D., ... & Ahmadi, A. (2019). Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet respiratory medicine, 7(1), 69-89.
Van Hooste, W. L. C., & Bekaert, M. (2019). To Be or Not to Be Vaccinated? The Ethical Aspects of Influenza Vaccination among Healthcare Workers. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(20), 3981.
Yang, W., Cummings, M. J., Bakamutumaho, B., Kayiwa, J., Owor, N., Namagambo, B., ... & Shaman, J. (2018). Dynamics of influenza in tropical Africa: Temperature, humidity, and co‐circulating (sub) types. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 12(4), 446-456.