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Critique of Research Studies - Part 2

Bargmann, A. & Brundrett, S. (2020). Implementation of a Multicomponent Fall Prevention Program: Contracting with Patients for Fall Safety. Military Medicine, 185 (2), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz411

Protection of Human Rights

The article addresses the importance of protecting the patients' rights while undertaking treatment in health facilities, especially about falls that inflates the overall treatment cost. Safety is a patient right, and facilities should establish agreements that enhance the practices that protect the safety of patients. The implementation of patient safety agreement has been determined reduce reduction in the patient fall rate in many health organizations. The article suggests that the rights and safety of an individual in the hospital should be the responsibility of the facility. 

Research Design

The research was undertaken from a 26-bed capacity military health unit caring for civilian traumas and military benefices. The focus of the study at the facility was consideration of the number of falls and the facility policy concerning the protection of patients towards the same. The review indicated that the location and circumstances of fall varied from one patient to the other. The researchers assess the implementation of the fall measurements within the facility. Besides, the patients understanding of falls among the patients was also a crucial point of consideration.

Population and Sample

The article does not indicate the exact number of participants in the study. However, it was conducted on a 26-bed medical-surgical telemetry unit at 352 bed level one military trauma center. The researchers assessed the policy of the organization concerning patient falls and got a chance to determine the understanding knowledge concerning protection against falls.

Data collection, measurement, and quality

Lowa model was used as the main framework for the project. The methods of data collection included interviews and the review of earlier literately materials concerning the subject of study. Adherence to EPB was measured by determining the knowledge of the patient concerning falling risks.

Procedures

The research was a qualitative study that was conducted through interviews and the review of other literature materials. The literature used in the study discussed the use of bundle fall programs of prevention to reduce fall in inpatient setting.

Bukhsh, A., Goh, B. H., Zimbudzi, E., Lo, C., Zoungas, S., Chan, K. G., & Khan, T. M. (2020). Type 2 Diabetes Patients' Perspectives, Experiences, and Barriers Toward Diabetes-Related Self-Care: A Qualitative Study from Pakistan. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11. DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7729167/

Protection of Participants Rights

The research took responsibility to protect the rights of the participants such as privacy issues and the consent. On the other hand, ethical considerations and approvals were obtained Monash University Human Resource Ethics Committee as well as data collection centers in Pakistan. Study participants were asked to take an informed consent agreement. Verbal and written information was done to explain the concepts of the study. The participants were informed that they had a right to opt out of the study if they realize in affects them in one way or the other. The access or research data was only restricted to the researchers only.

Research Design and Tradition

The study was conducted via a qualitative research method in the assessment of perception and behavior concerning disease management practices. A flexible semi-structured guide was used to conduct interviews. Open-ended questionnaire approach was used, where participants were allowed to provide answers as they deemed fit. 

Sample and Setting

The study was conducted in Akhuwat Diabetes Clinic Lahore and Awan Medical Complex Lahore, Pakistan. The participants were Pakistan nationals that were 30 years and above and suffering from T2DM. The total number of participants who were selected for the study is 32. Female participants formed 62% of the sample population while male participants were 38%.

Data Collection and Quality

Interview was the main data collection method. Participants who qualified for the study were interviewed using open-ended questionnaire on various aspects of the study. Participants found the opportunity to share their experience on factors that hinder their self-care towards the management of diabetes. The quality of data was ensured through restricted access to the data. Besides, researchers avoided biases that would affect the quality of the data.

Procedures

The study was conducted through a distinct procedure. The researchers identified a study facility and selected study participants according to the established criteria. The selected candidates were subjected to semi-structured questionnaire to satisfy the main hypothesis for the study. Data collected was presented in a manner that can be interpreted and understood. 

Enhancement of Trustworthiness

The authors used various aspects of statistical research and analysis to ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of the information presented in the study. For example, the data is based on experimental study. As such, the results are based on the primary information obtained through interviewing the participants selected for the study. On the other hand, participants were selected based on criteria that would address the main study questions.

Cai, C., & Hu, J. (2016). Effectiveness of a family-based diabetes self-management educational intervention for Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes in Wuhan, China. The Diabetes Educator, 42(6), 697–711. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721716674325

Protection of the Rights of the Participants

The researchers observed the rights of the participants in the study. Participants were supplied with consent forms and they were required to fill it appropriately. The researcher made it clear to the participants that the study was voluntary and they could opt out any time.

Research Design

The study was conducted through a quasi-experimental design patients with T2DM were categorized into two groups. That is, the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received seven tailored education sessions. While the control group received community routine care.

Sample and Setting

The researchers used the power analysis to identify the size of the samples. Adults suffering from T2DM and living in Zhongua region in Wahun China were invited to undertake the study. The research used convenience sample. Recruitment was done using flyers. Sixty participants took part in the study.

Data Collection and Quality

Data collection was done through physical examination of the participants over the three months period. On the other hand, interview was used to get primary data from participants. The quality of the study was sustained with accurate statistical methods such as coalition of means and percentages to analyze the data. 

Procedure

 The study was an experimental research. The researchers recruited sixty participants based on the criteria for the study. The participants were divided into two groups. The intervention group and control group the intervention group was provided with more specific self-management education and results observed for a period of three months.

Enhancement of Trustworthiness

The trustworthiness of the article was sustained through comparing it with the provisions of other peer-reviewed articles concerning the same. Experimental research studies are reliable since the results are due to an experiment that involves direct observation of participants and primary directly from the participants of the study.

Zheng, F., Liu, S., Liu, Y., & Deng, L. (2019). Effects of an outpatient diabetes self-management education on patients with type 2 diabetes in China: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of diabetes research, 2019. DOI: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2019/1073131/

Protection of Participants’ Rights

The rights of the participants such as consent and protection against harm were adequately undertaken among the chosen participants. Besides, besides, participants were adequately briefed of the implications of the study. They had the legal right to opt out at any level of the study.

Research Design

Two-group experimental design was used in the experiment. The participants who were selected for the study were divided into two. The first group was the control group and the other was the intervention group. Education was provided to intervention group regularly. The questionnaire administered included the general information on gender, age, gender, and educational background among others. Intervention group was given self-management education for 2 sessions apart from regular education programs.

Sample and Setting

Si8xty participants with T2DM were selected through a randomized process to take part in the study.  All the participants were required to sign the informed written consent before taking part in the study. The study was executed in cardiovascular rehabilitation clinic, Central South University and Geriatric Clinic in Xiangya Hospital.  The sample had to meet the criteria set by the researchers. The total participants selected for the study was seventy-two. However, twelve participants declined to take part in the study.

Data Collection and Quality

Questionnaire was the main method of collecting data. The participants were asked general and more specific questions that relates with the objective of study. The quality of the study was ensured through provision of the data used to support the assertions of the research in the article.

Procedures

The study was conducted through experimental research where the participants were divided into two groups. One group acted as a control experiment while the other was used as an intervention. They were subjected to education programs to assess if such measure helps patients in self-management of diabetes. One group was subjected to general e3ducation while another was given two more sessions from the normal general education offered to everyone. 

Enhancement of Trustworthiness

Being and experimental study, the study provides actual primary information directly from participants making it trustworthy and reliable study. Besides, it uses reliable statistical analysis method that is accurate and specific.