Answer

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

DNA is self-reproducing inheritable material that is found in every living creature. It bears all genomic information, which is a long molecule that contains our genomic “code” (Simion, 2018). It comprises the instructions required for organisms to grow, mature, live, and replicate. The history of DNA dates back in 1869. Friedrich Miescher, who was formerly studying the structure of white blood cells, discovered DNA and its composition was found in later years by James Watson and Francis Crick. Regardless of there being several vital and contributing innovations both earlier and after their effort, in 1953, they found out DNA’s spiraling, entwined composition that is essential to our today’s understanding of DNA.

DNA is composed of molecules identified as nucleotides. Every nucleotide comprises sugar and phosphate (long strands) set along with nitrogen bases (rungs), which are broken down more into four forms, including: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (Dai, Peng & Rudge, David, 2018). The DNA’s composition is a dual-stranded helix. Each rung is essentially two kinds of nitrogen bases pairing together to make a whole rung. The four types of nitrogen bases include adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.

DNA works by replicating itself into single-stranded RNA. Throughout this procedure, DNA turns to be replicated. RNA is comparable to Deoxyribonucleic Acid, but it comprises of substantial molecular alterations that separate it (Simion, 2018). RNA functions as a messenger, conveying important genetic data in a cell nucleus from DNA over ribosomes to produce proteins that then make all living creatures.

Chromosome is the body structure composed of chromatin, which are the ribbons of DNA that are compressed to make chromosomes. Cells of organisms are composed of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, where DNA is either circular or linear respectively. The human body is composed of the eukaryotic cells responsible for the linear structure of chromosomes (Simion, 2018). Every chromosome is composed of DNA and holds several genes that describe a an individual’s essential qualities that he/she received from parents.

The importance of DNA testing and analysis can be realized from research, health and judicial viewpoints. The outcome of a DNA test analysis exclusively recognizes a person. Consequently, several criminal suits can be resolved by putting the matter at the crime scene. First, forensic detectives collect blood samples or tissue from the crime scene. Second, laboratory specialists can simply prove the characteristics of the individual who is accused (Butler, 2015). When demonstrated in a law court, the outcome of a DNA examination is recognized as a fact. Hence, the judges and law enforcement agencies will depend on the reliability and power of DNA testing and analysis to inform their verdict.