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QUESTION
Disaster Recovery – Seismic Activity along a fault line in Western United States
Revision instructions:
This assignment is a pre-assignment that is a portion of my final assignment for the class; so this Annotated Bibliography must be correct so that I will not fail the final paper. In the assignment guidelines I provided extensive notes and resources for completing this assignment to my professor’s standard. However the professor has let me know that the references used were not considered peer-reviewed articles. Will you please correct this so that I may resubmit the assignment for a better grade and we may begin writing the final research paper.
INITIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Final Project Part 1 – Annotated Bibliography Guidelines – Disaster Recovery
Instructions
1) To begin with, please remind the reader of your topic and thesis statement.
2) Next, you should identify a minimum of seven peer-reviewed journal articles that you would like to draw on for the final essay. In your list, each entry should include two parts:
\• Citation: be sure to provide the full bibliographic information
• Annotation: in 3 to 4 sentences, summarize the content of the source and evaluates its relevance/value to your research topic or arguments
Useful Links/Resources
Knowing your sources: https://library.sdsu.edu/research-services/research-help/peer-reviewed-articles#what (Links to an external site.)
Writing a good annotated bibliography: https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/annotatedbibliography
See details concerning Assignment below.
Superior writer … I am OK with changing the topic/thesis statement to reflect something that may be easier to write…. As long as it reflects Disaster Recovery after Earthquakes along a fault line in western United States or the California/Nevada area. The topic and thesis statement must reflect specified research about Disaster Recovery and it will be used for the final project, which I will also commission from Superior.
APA 7TH EDITION
Final Project Part 1 – Topic/Thesis
Topic: Disaster Recovery Planning for Seismic Impact Areas along the San Andreas Fault
Catastrophic earthquakes pose a significant threat to the western coast of the United States, specifically along the San Andreas Fault. Therefore, it is imperative that a deliberate plan to respond and recover is outlined by emergency managers. Considerations for recovery plans after the occurrence of significant seismic events must account for water, sanitation, food security, public health support, and rebuilding infrastructure all while coordinating efforts with the local, state, and federal governments. Disaster recovery for cities along the San Andreas Fault is often distorted due to differential perspectives based on social class and governmental levels lack of considerations for varying groups of community members.
FEMA Region IX continuously coordinates with the State of California to address and update a response and recovery plan in the event of a seismic rupture along the San Andreas Fault. Although efforts are made to communicate and collaborate with entire communities to address the political, economic, and regulatory issues regarding disaster recovery, all objectives are not fairly considered and applied to all potentially affected demographics. Communities in areas along the fault line attempt to prepare budgets and protocols prior to the impact of disasters, however the budgets and protocols are often exclusive to the able-bodied and accessible. There are less considerations for the elderly, those with limited mobility, and others with extenuating circumstances. This paper will divulge into the challenges emergency managers face when developing and implementing recovery plans for seismic impact areas along the San Andreas Fault.
https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/robert-fenton_pac-northwest-seismic-hazards_testimony_5-19-2015.pdf
https://www.nap.edu/read/2269/chapter/9#220
Professor’s comments on Topic/Thesis Statement
In the second paragraph, you also need to explain how the thesis will be supported or proved. Good luck as you go forward taking a deeper dive on the topic and developing the paper!
Instructions for writing the Topic/Thesis Statement
In the first paragraph, students should introduce a specific topic that they would like to further research. The more specific the better! Students also should explain how the topic addresses an issue related to disaster recovery and why it is important.
In the second paragraph, students should describe the main idea of the paper and formulate an argumentative or persuasive thesis about the topic chosen. Students should also briefly explain how the claim will be supported or proved.
Useful Links/Resources
Narrowing a topic:
• https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/narrowtopic
Understanding and writing a thesis statement:
• https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/establishing_arguments/index.html (Links to an external site.)
• https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/how-to-write-a-thesis-statement.html
Final Project Directions
The course final project consists of three parts: 1) Part 1-Topic/Thesis (2%): Students
should feel free to discuss the topic and the direction of the paper with the instructor
during this stage. Note that the direction of the paper is entirely up to the student but must
be approved by the instructor. 2) Part 2 – Annotated Bibliography (3%): Students will
submit a list of the references that they will draw on for the final essay, and 3) Part 3 –
Final Essay (15%). Each part will be graded and has a specific due date. More
information about the project will be available on the Canvas course site. Follow the
instructions closely and think about the topic at hand as critically as you can to receive a
good grade.
General Rules for Written Assignments in this course
All written assignments are expected to conform to the guidelines and reference formats
specified in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition
(http://www.apastyle.org/ ). All work must be double-spaced, using 12-point font and
one-inch margins. Written assignments will be graded primarily on content but will also
consider the technical quality of the writing. All written assignments should be carefully
proofread for spelling, grammar, and syntax. (Assignments containing multiple errors
will be returned, ungraded, for student revision and resubmission.)
Course Material
Phillips, B.D. (2015). Disaster Recovery, 2nd Ed.: Publisher: CRC Press Taylor &
Francis Group: New York. ISBN: 978-1-4665-8384-9
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 2019. 7th Edition.
American Psychological Association. Washington, D.C. ISBN: 978-1433832161.Final Project Part 1 – Annotated Bibliography Guidelines – Disaster Recovery
Instructions
1) To begin with, please remind the reader of your topic and thesis statement.
2) Next, you should identify a minimum of seven peer-reviewed journal articles that you would like to draw on for the final essay. In your list, each entry should include two parts:
- Citation: be sure to provide the full bibliographic information
- Annotation: in 3 to 4 sentences, summarize the content of the source and evaluates its relevance/value to your research topic or arguments
Useful Links/Resources
Knowing your sources: https://library.sdsu.edu/research-services/research-help/peer-reviewed-articles#what (Links to an external site.)
Writing a good annotated bibliography: https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/annotatedbibliography
See details concerning Assignment below.
Superior writer … I am OK with changing the topic/thesis statement to reflect something that may be easier to write…. As long as it reflects Disaster Recovery after Earthquakes along a fault line in western United States or the California/Nevada area. The topic and thesis statement must reflect specified research about Disaster Recovery and it will be used for the final project, which I will also commission from Superior.
APA 7TH EDITION
_____________________________________________________________________
Final Project Part 1 – Topic/Thesis
Topic: Disaster Recovery Planning for Seismic Impact Areas along the San Andreas Fault
Catastrophic earthquakes pose a significant threat to the western coast of the United States, specifically along the San Andreas Fault. Therefore, it is imperative that a deliberate plan to respond and recover is outlined by emergency managers. Considerations for recovery plans after the occurrence of significant seismic events must account for water, sanitation, food security, public health support, and rebuilding infrastructure all while coordinating efforts with the local, state, and federal governments. Disaster recovery for cities along the San Andreas Fault is often distorted due to differential perspectives based on social class and governmental levels lack of considerations for varying groups of community members.
FEMA Region IX continuously coordinates with the State of California to address and update a response and recovery plan in the event of a seismic rupture along the San Andreas Fault. Although efforts are made to communicate and collaborate with entire communities to address the political, economic, and regulatory issues regarding disaster recovery, all objectives are not fairly considered and applied to all potentially affected demographics. Communities in areas along the fault line attempt to prepare budgets and protocols prior to the impact of disasters, however the budgets and protocols are often exclusive to the able-bodied and accessible. There are less considerations for the elderly, those with limited mobility, and others with extenuating circumstances. This paper will divulge into the challenges emergency managers face when developing and implementing recovery plans for seismic impact areas along the San Andreas Fault.
https://www.nap.edu/read/2269/chapter/9#220
Professor’s comments on Topic/Thesis Statement
In the second paragraph, you also need to explain how the thesis will be supported or proved. Good luck as you go forward taking a deeper dive on the topic and developing the paper!Instructions for writing the Topic/Thesis Statement
In the first paragraph, students should introduce a specific topic that they would like to further research. The more specific the better! Students also should explain how the topic addresses an issue related to disaster recovery and why it is important.
In the second paragraph, students should describe the main idea of the paper and formulate an argumentative or persuasive thesis about the topic chosen. Students should also briefly explain how the claim will be supported or proved.
Useful Links/Resources
Narrowing a topic:
Understanding and writing a thesis statement:
- https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/establishing_arguments/index.html(Links to an external site.)
- https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/how-to-write-a-thesis-statement.html
Final Project Directions
The course final project consists of three parts: 1) Part 1-Topic/Thesis (2%): Students
should feel free to discuss the topic and the direction of the paper with the instructor
during this stage. Note that the direction of the paper is entirely up to the student but must
be approved by the instructor. 2) Part 2 – Annotated Bibliography (3%): Students will
submit a list of the references that they will draw on for the final essay, and 3) Part 3 –
Final Essay (15%). Each part will be graded and has a specific due date. More
information about the project will be available on the Canvas course site. Follow the
instructions closely and think about the topic at hand as critically as you can to receive a
good grade.
General Rules for Written Assignments in this course
All written assignments are expected to conform to the guidelines and reference formats
specified in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition
(http://www.apastyle.org/ ). All work must be double-spaced, using 12-point font and
one-inch margins. Written assignments will be graded primarily on content but will also
consider the technical quality of the writing. All written assignments should be carefully
proofread for spelling, grammar, and syntax. (Assignments containing multiple errors
will be returned, ungraded, for student revision and resubmission.)
Course Material
Phillips, B.D. (2015). Disaster Recovery, 2nd Ed.: Publisher: CRC Press Taylor &
Francis Group: New York. ISBN: 978-1-4665-8384-9
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 2019. 7th Edition.
American Psychological Association. Washington, D.C. ISBN: 978-1433832161.
| Subject | Geography | Pages | 11 | Style | APA |
|---|
Answer
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Disaster Recovery after Seismic activity along the San Andreas Fault line in the West Coast of the United States.
Introduction
Ranging from hurricanes to dust storms, forest fires, floods, and above all, earthquakes, natural disasters are inevitable. The frequency and intensity of these natural disasters has been on the rise in recent years, and environmentalists, scientists and researchers are increasingly pointing fingers at climate change. A community’s or city’s resilient to the aftermaths of these natural catastrophes depend principally on the effectiveness and adequacy of its disaster recovery plan. Catastrophic earthquakes pose a significant threat to the western coast of the United States, specifically along the San Andreas Fault. This calls for an urgent need for emergency managers to outline a deliberate a plan for responding to and recovering from earthquake disasters in the region. Considerations for recovery plans after the occurrence of significant seismic events must account for water, sanitation, food security, public health support, and rebuilding infrastructure all while coordinating efforts with the local, state, and federal governments. Disaster recovery for cities along the San Andreas Fault is often distorted due to differential perspectives based on social class and governmental levels lack of considerations for varying groups of community members.
Although efforts are made to communicate and collaborate with entire communities to address the political, economic, and regulatory issues regarding recovery from a possible seismic rupture along the San Andreas Fault, all objectives are not fairly considered and applied to all potentially affected demographics. Communities in areas along the fault line attempt to prepare budgets and protocols prior to the impact of disasters, however the budgets and protocols are often exclusive to the able-bodied and accessible. There are less considerations for the elderly, those with limited mobility, and others with extenuating circumstances. To understand the challenges that disaster responders and emergency managers face when devising and implementing recovery plans for seismic impact areas along the San Andreas Fault, this short paper presents a collage of peer reviewed journals in this area/topic in the form of annotated bibliography.
Annotated Bibliography
- Vulnerability of the U.S. West Coast to Seismic Hazards
Murray, J., & Langbein, J. (2006). Slip on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, over two earthquake cycles, and the implications for seismic hazard. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96(4B), S283-S303.
This article, written by Murray and Langbein, and published in the journal of
Seismological Society of America in 2006, examines deformation of Parkfield in California as a result of M 6.0 earthquake cycles experienced in 1934, 1966 and 2004. Using fault geometry, Geospatial Positioning Systems and other geodetic measurements in the region, the authors attempt to determine the spatial distribution as well as slip rate along the San Andreas Fault. They establish that the 2004 earthquake created a slip deficit of 2 meters on the 33 kilometers of the San Andreas fault toward the south of the Gold Hill – a slip that trigger a larger earthquake in the future to release the store strain. I found this article relevant to my study because it investigates and outlines how vulnerable the U.S. West Coast is to earthquakes in the future. evidently, this information is vital to inform disaster preparedness plans.Smith‐Konter, B. R., Sandwell, D. T., & Shearer, P. (2011). Locking depths estimated from geodesy and seismology along the San Andreas Fault System: Implications for seismic moment release. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 116(B6).
Authored by Smith‐Konter, Sandwell and Shearer (2011) and published in the journal of Geographical Research in 2011, this research articles looks at variations in fault depths of twelve different segments of the San Andreas Fault system obtained from various GPS velocities and relocated earthquake epicenters. Further, the researchers used geodesy and seismicity to assess differences in “seismic moment accumulation rate per unit fault length”. This article is important to my research because effective earthquake disaster recovery plans requires knowledge of seismogenic zones and variability in seismic moment to inform estimation of earthquake magnitudes, and hazard modelling.
Yang, Y., Ritzwoller, M. H., Lin, F. C., Moschetti, M. P., & Shapiro, N. M. (2008). Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the western United States revealed by ambient noise and earthquake tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 113(B12).
In this article, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research in 2008, Yang, Ritzwoller, Lin, Moschetti and Shapiro applied multiple plane wave earthquake tomography and ambient noise tomography to study the structure and features of the crust and uppermost mantle that underlie the western part of the U.S. The authors conclude that the structural features obtained from the observation of the region’s mantle and crust using these two methods are consistent with known geological structure. The rationale of making reference to this article in my research study is that access to information about the structure of crust and mantle beneath the West Coast of the United States is necessary to not only understand the regions vulnerability to earthquakes, but also to estimate the magnitude of earthquakes likely to occur in the region.
- Disaster Planning and Recovery after Earthquakes and Challenges facing Emergency Managers
Greer, A. (2012). Earthquake preparedness and response: comparison of the United States and Japan. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 12(3), 111-125.
Liu, B., Chen, X., Zhou, Z., Tang, M., & Li, S. (2020). Research on disaster resilience of earthquake-stricken areas in Longmenshan fault zone based on GIS. Environmental Hazards, 19(1), 50-69.
Noriega, G. R., & Ludwig, L. G. (2012). Social vulnerability assessment for mitigation of local earthquake risk in Los Angeles County. Natural hazards, 64(2), 1341-1355.
Olshansky, R. B. (2001). Land use planning for seismic safety: The Los Angeles County experience, 1971–1994. Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(2), 173-185.
Pearce, L. (2003). Disaster management and community planning, and public participation: how to achieve sustainable hazard mitigation. Natural hazards, 28(2-3), 211-228.
Wald, D., Lin, K. W., Porter, K., & Turner, L. (2008). ShakeCast: Automating and improving the use of ShakeMap for post-earthquake decision- making and response. Earthquake Spectra, 24(2), 533-553.
Wein, A., & Rose, A. (2011). Economic resilience lessons from the ShakeOut earthquake scenario. Earthquake Spectra, 27(2), 559-573.
Wein, A., Johnson, L., & Bernknopf, R. (2011). Recovering from the ShakeOut earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 27(2), 521-538.
References
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Murray, J., & Langbein, J. (2006). Slip on the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California, over two earthquake cycles, and the implications for seismic hazard. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96(4B), S283-S303. Smith‐Konter, B. R., Sandwell, D. T., & Shearer, P. (2011). Locking depths estimated from geodesy and seismology along the San Andreas Fault System: Implications for seismic moment release. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 116(B6). Yang, Y., Ritzwoller, M. H., Lin, F. C., Moschetti, M. P., & Shapiro, N. M. (2008). Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the western United States revealed by ambient noise and earthquake tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 113(B12).
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