Conduct a dose response and exposure assessment on the following pesticides and fertilizers (aka, selected hazards materials)
DOMAIN, DOMAIN TYPE, NAME
CHEMICAL, FUNGICIDE, CHLOROTHALONIL
CHEMICAL, FUNGICIDE , MANCOZEB
FERTILIZER , FERTILIZER, NITROGEN
FERTILIZER, FERTILIZER, PHOSPHATE
FERTILIZER, FERTILIZER , POTASH
CHEMICAL, INSECTICIDE, BIFENTHRIN
CEHMICAL, OTHER , HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
CHEMICAL, INSECTICIDE , MALATHION
CHEMICAL, INSECTICIDE , METHOMYL
Refer to EPA’s Health Risk Assessment guide for details https://www.epa.gov/risk/conducting-human-health-risk-assessment
Be specific about the structure and the chemical nature of the pesticides and fertilizers listed above, discuss biomarkers, the models to test health complications and mechanisms of injury such as immune response or organ damage, dose exposure levels for concern in human or even animals, levels or concentrations that are injurious to human health (or animal studies?) thresholds, quantifiable measurements, are there any animal experiments that can be extrapolated?
Address the following points about the nine listed pesticides and fertilizers:
- What are the exposure routes of the nine pesticides and fertilizers? For example, if it is inhalation or via direct skin contact, what happens at the biological, chemical and/molecular level when these are inhaled or with dermal contact?
- What exposure routes and models can best describe the potential health hazard of the these nine chemicals?
- What information and scientific literature are available on the dose-response studies on government websites or other reliable resources?
- What happens to the agent (biotransformation) and what does the agent do to the host (health outcomes) – Toxicological pathways of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME)
- What is the mechanism of the action of the hazardous material (s)?
- What are the approaches to quantify risk factors when a population/individual is exposed to the selected material?
- What is the population demography that is at risk when exposed to the selected material?
Examples of sources of information Pubmed and google scholar search on two of the above chemicals (mancozeb and chlorothalonil) pulled several studies that address many of the questions above, including exposure, methods of absorptions, quantification, and mechanisms of actions:
• https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,10&q=exposure+routes+and+quantification+chlorothalonil
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36078202/
