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Endocrine System Case Study. Please answer the questions below for the case study. Please email to [email protected] not [email protected]
Joan Barker, age fifty-six years, comes for a routine physical examination. She states that she has been in perfect health and has no complaints. She has a history of asthma but currently requires no medications of any kind. Her physical examination is completely normal, except for a 2-cm firm, nontender, nonmobile mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. She indicates that she does not perform regular breast self-examination and that she did not know the mass was there. She has no family history of breast cancer and has never been pregnant.
Answer the following questions about Ms. Barker's condition:
What term is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Ms. Barker's breast mass?
What is inside the cysts of fibrocystic breast disease?
Mammography and ultrasonography reveal a solid lesion (not cystic). What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Biopsy determines that Ms. Barker has invasive carcinoma of the breast. What is the difference between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the breast?
Ms. Barker's breast cancer has metastasized to her lungs. What is the difference between metastatic lung cancer and primary lung cancer?
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| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 4 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Endocrine System Case Study
What term is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Ms. Barker's breast mass?
The Primary Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Breasts
What is inside the cysts of fibrocystic breast disease?
According to Mannello, Maccari, Ligi, Santi, Gatto, Linhardt, & Volpi, (2015), cysts of fibrocystic breast disease are filled with the interstitial fluid and other fluidic discharges from the adjacent living cells. The main difference between a fibroadenoma and fibrocystic breast disease is the nature of the content of their cysts. While fibroadenoma presents with a fibrous mass in the cysts, the cysts of fibrocystic breast disease contain fluid and are called fluid-filled sacs in the lumps.
Mammography and ultrasonography reveal a solid lesion (not cystic). What is the most common type of breast cancer?
According to the National Cancer Foundation (2015), the invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the breast makes up 70-80% of all the medical diagnoses of breast cancers (National Cancer Foundation, 2015).
A biopsy determines that Ms. Barker has invasive carcinoma of the breast. What is the difference between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the breast?
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive type of breast cancer in which abnormal cells grow along the epithelium of the milk ducts (National Cancer Foundation, 2015). Contrarily, the invasive carcinoma of the breast involves the development of abnormal cells in the breast ducts or glands that grow into the breast tissue (National Cancer Foundation, 2015). Also, an invasive carcinoma of the breast is life-threatening cancer because of its propensity to spread to the adjacent axillary lymph nodes and tissues while ductal carcinoma in situ is benign cancer and cannot spread to other tissues.
Ms. Barker's breast cancer has metastasized to her lungs. What is the difference between metastatic lung cancer and primary lung cancer?
National Cancer Foundation (2015) argues that primary lung cancer originates in the lungs whereby there is the abnormal and uncontrollable growth of the cells of the lungs, and therefore, these cells lose their functions. On the other hand, metastatic lung cancer develops when cancer cells from another site of a primary tumor such as in the muscles, gastric wall or bones break from the tumor, get into the bloodstream, and moves to the lungs (National Cancer Foundation, 2015). Cancerous cells from any primary tumor can spread to the lungs through the blood stream.
Therefore, an appropriate evidence-based nursing should ensure a keen assessment to differentiate between a metastatic and primary lung cancers because of the differences in their severities. Patients with metastatic lung cancer risk the spread of cancer to other tissues, and the case should be treated as an emergency with the quickest response practicable. A conclusion can also be made that Ms. Barker had her cancerous cells metastasizing from the breasts to the lungs.
References
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Mannello, F., Maccari, F., Ligi, D., Santi, M., Gatto, F., Linhardt, R. J., & Volpi, N. (2015). Breast cyst fluid heparan sulphate is distinctively N‐sulphated depending on apocrine or flattened type. Cell biochemistry and function, 33(3), 128-133.
National Breast Cancer Foundation, INC. (2015). Breast Cancer Types. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/types-of-breast-cancer
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