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        1. QUESTION

         

        Purpose: You will research a Unique Ethical Issue and discuss an ethical issue.

        Outcome Met by Completing This Assignment

        identify ethical issues that arise in domestic and global business environments using an understanding of ethical concepts and of legal and business principles
        develop and evaluate alternatives to, and recommend solutions for, ethical dilemmas, taking into account ethical and legal requirements and the essential mission of the business enterprise
        effectively communicate to internal and external business stakeholders the complexities of ethical issues, suggesting and analyzing various solutions in order to ensure appropriate business practices and accountability

        Instructions:

        NOTE: All submitted work is to be your original work. You may not use any work from another student, the Internet or an online clearinghouse. You are expected to understand the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy, and know that it is your responsibility to learn about instructor and general academic expectations with regard to proper citation of sources as specified in the APA Publication Manual, 6th Ed. (Students are held accountable for in-text citations and an associated reference list only).

        Step 1: Preparation for the Assignment

        Before you begin writing the assignment, you will read the following requirements that will help you meet the writing and APA requirements. Not reading this information will lead to a lower grade:

        Read the grading rubric for the assignment. Use the grading rubric while writing the report to ensure all requirements are met that will lead to the highest possible grade.

        Third person writing is required. Third person means that there are no words such as “I, me, my, we, or us” (first person writing), nor is there use of “you or your” (second person writing). If uncertain how to write in the third person, view this link: http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/first-second-and-third-person.

        Contractions are not used in business writing, so you are expected NOT to use contractions in writing this assignment.

        You are expected to paraphrase and NOT use direct quotes. You are expected to paraphrase, which can be learned by reviewing this link: https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/QPA_paraphrase2.html. You are responsible for APA only for in-text citations and a reference list.

        Use at least 10 scholarly or credible resources as supporting documentation. Three of the resources will come from the class readings. Books cannot be used as resources for this assignment. If any material is used from a source document, it must be cited and referenced and the page or paragraph number must be provided. A reference within a reference list cannot exist without an associated in-text citation and vice versa. View the sample APA paper to gain a better understanding of how to use APA within the paper.

        Step 2: How to Set Up the Paper

        Create a Word or Rich Text Format (RTF) document that is double-spaced, 12-point font. The final product will be between 6-8 pages in length excluding the title page and reference page. It is important to write clearly and concisely.

        Use the following format with headings:

        Create a title page with title, your name, the course, the instructor’s name and date;
        Introduction (one paragraph)
        The Ethical Issue;
        Traditional Theories/Resolution;
        Ethical Relativism
        The Best Resolution

        Step 3: Create the introductory paragraph

        Within this paragraph, provide a brief overview of the scenario. Then, provide a thesis statement and tell the reader the main topics covered in the paper. The introduction comes at the beginning of the paper and tells a reader the main topics covered in the paper. View this website to learn how to write an introductory paragraph: http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/donelan/intro.html

        Step 4: In Phase 1, you select a topic not specifically discussed in class from the Unique Ethical Issues lists from weeks 3, 5, and 7. In Phase 1, you wrote a brief one-to-two page paper that introduced the unique ethical issue that is the focus of research for Phase 2.

        Step 5: Research

        In Phase 2, you will explore the readings for the unique ethical issue.

        Step 6: The Ethical Issue

        Discuss the selected ethical issue topic.
        Identify one common ethical dilemma associated with the ethical issue and explain why it is so.
        State the dilemma. Choose two ethical theorists from week 2 and use their principles to explain their solution to the ethical dilemma you have presented.

        Step 7: Traditional Theories/Resolution

        Identify and use two of the traditional theorists discussed in the course to provide two resolutions to the ethical dilemma in accordance with the theorist’s perspective.

        Step 8: Ethical Relativism

        Define and discuss ethical relativism.
        Are there any ethical relativism concerns with your selected Unique Ethical Issue? If so, what are they? If not, why not?

        Step 9: The Best Resolution
        Select the solution that best fits your code of ethics and explain by supporting your reasoning/conclusions using the course readings and research.

        Step 10: Summary paragraph

        Write the summary paragraph. A summary paragraph restates the main topics of the paper. Make sure to leave a reader with a sense that the paper is complete. The summary paragraph is the last paragraph of a paper and does not need a heading.

        Step 11: Submit the paper in the Assignment Folder.

        The assignment submitted to the Assignment Folder will be considered a student’s final product and therefore ready for grading by the instructor. It is incumbent upon the student to verify the assignment is the correct submission. No exceptions will be considered by the instructor.

        Due Date

        Aug 12, 2017 11:59 PM
        Hide Rubrics
        Rubric Name: Final Project – Phase 2
        Criteria 1 Outstanding Superior Good Substandard Failure
        Introduction 0.6 points
        States thesis clearly and concisely, and comprehensively discusses the main points made in the paper.
        (0.54 – 0.6)
        0.51 points
        States thesis clearly but further development of the main points of the paper is needed.

        (0.48 – 0.539)

        0.45 points
        States thesis and explains general ideas of the main points of the paper.

        (0.42 – 0.479)

        0.39 points
        Attempts to state thesis that discusses the main points to be covered in the paper or presents an introduction that is irrelevant to the thesis.

        (0.36 – 0.419)

        0 points
        Does not provide an introduction.

        (0)

        Criteria 2 Outstanding Excellent Good Substandard Failure
        Ethical Issue 3 points
        Central ethical issue is identified thoroughly, concisely and logically concluded with a thorough use of research.

        (2.7 – 3.0)

        2.55 points
        Central ethical issue is identified but argument needs more detailed development and/or support.

        (2.4 – 2.69)

        2.25 points
        Attempts to define ethical issue but not defined appropriately or completely. Misunderstanding of the issue related to the situation. Some reasoning; minimal use of support.

        (2.1 – 2.39)

        1.95 points
        Attempts to define ethical issue concluded with little or no use of reasoning and support.

        (1.8 – 2.09)

        0 points
        Failed to identify ethical issue and no support provided.

        (0)

        Criteria 3 Outstanding Excellent Good Substandard Failure
        Identify and Explain One Common Ethical Dilemma 2.4 points
        One common ethical dilemma is thoroughly, concisely and logically concluded with a thorough use of research without undercutting position.

        (2.16 – 2.4)

        2.04 points
        One common ethical dilemma is clearly, and soundly reasoned and concluded through the use of research but argument needs more detailed development.

        (1.92 – 2.159)

        1.8 points
        One common ethical dilemma is presented with some reasoning; minimal use of research.

        (1.68 – 1.91)

        1.56 points
        One common ethical dilemma is presented with little or no use of reasoning and research.

        (1.44 – 1.679)

        0 points
        Failed to present one common ethical dilemma.

        (0)

        State Dilemma. Choose Two Ethical Theorists & Use Their Principles to Explain a Solution to the Ethical Dilemma Presented. 4.5 points
        Chooses two ethical theorists and applies their principles to explain a solution to the ethical dilemma taking a strong, well defined position; Supports position with thorough and
        concise argument(s).
        (4.05 – 4.5)
        3.825 points
        Chooses two ethical theorists and applies their principles to explain a solution to the ethical dilemma that is soundly reasoned and concluded through the use of research but argument needs more detailed development.

        (3.6 – 4.04)

        3.375 points
        Chooses two ethical theorists and applies their principles to explain a solution to the ethical dilemma that is brief; unrelated, unsupported general statements, reasons, and details; minimal research used.

        (3.15 – 3.59)

        2.925 points
        Chooses one ethical theorists and applies their principles to explain a solution to the ethical dilemma; may select a theorist that was not covered under week 2 or presents two theorist without providing an analysis.

        (2.7 – 3.149)
        0 points
        Fails to present theorists or apply principles to explain a solution to the ethical dilemma.

        (0)

        Identify and Use Two Traditional Theorists to Provide Two Resolutions to the Ethical Dilemma According to Theorist Perspective 4.5 points
        Identifies and uses two traditional theorists providing two resolutions to the ethical dilemma presenting a strong, well defined position; Supports position with thorough and
        concise argument(s).
        (4.05 – 4.5)
        3.825 points
        Identifies and uses two traditional theorists providing two resolutions to the ethical dilemma that is soundly reasoned and concluded through the use of research but argument needs more detailed development.

        (3.6 – 4.049)

        3.375 points
        Identifies and uses two traditional theorists providing two resolutions to the ethical dilemma that is brief; unrelated, unsupported general statements, reasons, and details; minimal research used.

        (3.15 – 3.59)

        2.925 points
        Identifies and uses one traditional theorists providing two resolutions to the ethical dilemma ; may select a theorist that was not covered under week 2 or presents two theorist without providing a discussion.

        (2.7 – 3.149)
        0 points
        Fails to identify and use traditional theorists to providing resolutions to the ethical dilemma.

        (0)

        Ethical Relativism 2.4 points
        Defines and discusses ethical relativism thoroughly, concisely and logically concluded with a thorough use of research.

        (2.16 – 2.4)

        2.04 points
        Defines and discusses ethical relativism but needs more detailed development and/or support.

        (1.92 – 2.159)

        1.8 points
        Attempts to define and discuss ethical relativism appropriately or completely. Some reasoning; minimal use of support.

        (1.68 – 1.919)

        1.56 points
        Attempts to define and discuss ethical relativism with little or no use of reasoning and support.

        (1.44 – 1.679)
        0 points
        Failed to define and discuss ethical relativism.

        (0)

        Ethical Relativism Concerns 1.5 points
        Identifies and discusses ethical relativism concerns thoroughly, concisely and logically concluded with a thorough use of research or correctly identifies and discusses that no ethical relativism concerns exists with the same level of logic and research.

        (1.35 – 1.5)

        1.275 points
        Identifies and discusses ethical relativism concerns is soundly reasoned and concluded through the use of research but argument needs more detailed development or correctly identifies and discusses that no ethical relativism concerns exists with the same level of logic and research.

        (1.2 – 1.349)

        1.125 points
        Attempts to define and discuss ethical relativism appropriately or completely. Some reasoning; minimal use of support or correctly identifies and discusses that no ethical relativism concerns exists with the same level of logic and research.

        (1.05 – 1.19)

        0.975 points
        Attempts to define and discuss ethical relativism with little or no use of reasoning and support with the same level of logic and research..

        (0.9 – 1.04)
        0 points
        Failed to define and discuss ethical relativism.

        (0)

        The Best Resolution 3 points
        Selects the solution that best fits your code of ethics and explains thoroughly, concisely and logically concluded with a thorough use of research.

        (2.7 – 3.0)

        2.55 points
        Selects the solution that best fits your code of ethics and explanations are soundly reasoned and concluded through the use of research but argument needs more detailed development.

        (2.4 – 2.69)

        2.25 points
        Selects the solution that best fits your code of ethics and attempts to provide explanations; Some reasoning; minimal use of support or correctly identifies and discusses that no ethical relativism concerns exists with the same level of logic and research.

        (2.1 – 2.39)

        1.95 points
        Selects the solution that best fits your code of ethics and attempts to provide explanations; little or no use of reasoning and support with the same level of logic and research..

        (1.8 – 2.09)
        0 points
        Failed to select a solution that best fits your code of ethics.

        (0)

        Criteria 4 Outstanding Superior Good Substandard Failure
        Summary 0.6 points
        In a clear and concise manner, comprehensively concludes the paper by restating/ summarizing the argument. Refer to the opening statements and main points made throughout the paper. Reflect on the importance of the arguments and conclude their development.

        (0.54 – 0.6)

        0.51 points
        In a clear manner concludes the paper by restating/ summarizing the argument. Refer to the o main points made throughout the paper. Attempts to reflect on the importance of the arguments but further development of the main points of the paper is needed.

        (0.48 – 0.539)

        0.45 points
        Concludes the paper by somewhat restating/ summarizing the argument. Attempts to the bring in some explanation of the general idea of the main points of the paper.

        (0.42 – 0.479)

        0.39 points
        Attempts to restate/summarize the argument but explanations are irrelevant to the main points of the paper.

        (0.36 – 0.419)

        0 points
        Fails to present restatement/summarization of argument.

        (0)

        Criteria 5 Outstanding Excellent Good Substandard Failure
        Attention to Instructions 3 points
        The paper contains all major assignment tasks. The paper also includes completion of all minor aspects of the assignment such as third person writing, required use of course readings, outside sources if needed, and assignment format.

        (2.7 – 3.0)

        2.55 points
        The paper contains all major assignment tasks. The paper missed one minor aspects of the assignment such as third person writing, required use of course readings, outside sources if needed, and assignment format.

        (2.4 – 2.69)

        2.25 points
        One major assignment tasks or two minor aspects of the assignment missed.

        (2.1 – 2.39)

        1.95 points
        Two major assignment tasks and/or three or more minor aspects of the assignments missed.

        (1.8 – 2.09)

        0 points
        Three or more major assignment tasks missed.

        (0)

        Criteria 6 Outstanding Superior Good Substandard Failure
        Writing Mechanics 3 points
        Strictly adheres to standard usage rules of written English using paragraphs and sentence rather than bullets, including but not limited to capitalization, punctuation, run-on sentences, missing or extra words, stylistic errors, spelling and grammatical errors. No contractions or jargon used. Zero to two errors noted.

        (2.7 – 3.0)

        2.55 points
        Excellently adheres to standard usage of mechanics: conventions of written English, including capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. Three to six errors noted.

        (2.4 – 2.69)

        2.25 points
        Satisfactorily adheres to standard usage rules of mechanics: conventions of English, including capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. Seven to 10 errors noted.

        (2.1 – 2.39)

        1.95 points
        Minimally adheres to standard usage rules of mechanics: conventions of written English, including capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. More than 10 errors found.

        (1.8 – 2.09)

        0 points
        Does not adhere to standard usage rules of mechanics: conventions of written English largely incomprehensible; or errors are too plentiful to count.

        (0 – 1.07)

        Criteria 7 Outstanding Superior Good Substandard Failure
        Adherence to APA (6th ed.) 1.5 points
        One to 2 APA style or usage errors; Proper citation of source material is used throughout paper; Reference titles follow APA with only the first word, the first word after a colon and proper nouns capitalized.

        (1.35 – 1.5)

        1.275 points
        Attempts in-text citations and reference list but 3 – 4 APA style errors noted or fails to use APA citations when appropriate 1-2 times.

        (1.2 – 1.349)

        1.125 points
        Attempts in-text citations and reference lists; APA style errors are noted throughout document with 5-6 errors noted; Fails to use APA citations when appropriate 3 – 4 times in document.

        (1.05 – 1.19)

        0.975 points
        Attempts in-text citations and reference lists; Fails to use APA citation when appropriate 5-6 times; Fails to use APA citations when appropriate 5-6 times in document or presents a total of 1-2 in-text citations and reference list in a paper when requires APA citations are needed throughout the document.

        (0.9 – 1.049)

        0 points
        No attempt at APA style; or attempts either in-text citations or reference list but omits the other.

        (0 – 0.89)

        Overall Score Outstanding
        27 or more Superior
        24 or more Good

 

Subject Ethics Pages 16 Style APA

Answer

Ethical Issues: The Big Chocolate Child Labor

Child labor has been a hot topic among scholars, law enforcers, merchants and even individuals across the globe. The Human Rights Act advocates for dignity, respect, and fairness to all human beings. Additionally, many countries have instituted policies to ensure human dignity is maintained at all costs and violators prosecuted in the court of law. While acts that deprive human dignity have long been condemned, attempts to eradicate such acts as slavery and child labour have been hindered by selfish individuals who prefer personal gains to human dignity. The consumption of chocolate has prevalently increased in the United States of America and the globe at large. Precisely, various companies such as Nestle have thrived in the industry through constant supply of raw materials from Ivory Coast cocoa farms. On the contrary, while the end users of the product have appreciated the taste of chocolate, laborers in the Ivory Coast cocoa farms, largely comprising of poor children from poor West African countries, have been deterred from tasting the end products of their sweat. Is it ethical for business organizations to engage in child labor for business gains? This paper analyzes the ethical issues underlying Nestle Company and the use of child labor in the farms for sustainability of the business. The paper gives a further analysis of the best resolution of the issue with regards to various Aristotle, Kant, and the Utilitarianism ethical theories.

Ethical Issue

Approximately 43% of cocoa beans the key raw materials in the manufacture of chocolate, come from various farms in West Africa (Raghavan & Chatterjee, 2001, para 1). The raw materials, which are consistently transported to America or Europe for the manufacture of chocolate, have enhanced various businesses in the industry, including Nestlé Company which has a net worth of over 100billion dollars. While the businesses thrive in the industry, the profits reaped are at the expense of poor children who have been tricked to work in the cocoa farms to enhance their living standards and those of their families who live in extreme poverty in West Africa. On 24th June 2001, Sumana Chatterjee and Sudarsan Raghavan unveiled the use child labor in the cocoa farms in Ivory Coast (Raghavan & Chatterjee, 2001, para 1).  According to the authors, merchants from the rich cocoa farms trick thousands of poor children in Western African Countries such as Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso and Togo to offer cheap labor on the cocoa farms (Raghavan & Chatterjee, 2001, para 14). For instance, Aly Diabate, one of the minor workers at the farm, revealed how he had been lured into working at the farm to acquire a bicycle and one hundred and fifty dollars per annum to help him support his low-income family in Mali (Raghavan & Chatterjee, 2001, para 4). According to Aly, the workers were to obtain beans from cocoa trees which were further fermented, dried and packed for transportation to Europe and America (Raghavan & Chatterjee, 2001, para 5). In further research, it was revealed that the workers worked in extremely poor conditions where they were whipped and paid low wages so as to compel them to continue providing services to the firms. Fundamentally, promises made to the children were not fulfilled but rather traded with pain and suffering at the hands of selfish merchants who benefited at the expense of the children.

Nestlé is one of the companies that have benefited from cocoa beans from Ivory Coast. Just like any other business, the company promotes its social responsibility to enhance its sustainability and longevity in the industry. Friedman (2013, para 8) reveals that business proprietors have the responsibility of ensuring business success for the success of employees and the shareholders. Precisely, shareholders in every business organization have the duty of ensuring continuity of the business by ensuring it achieves its set goals and objectives. On the contrary, most employers act against the interest of their employees for the sustainability of the business. For instance, while increase in price has been perceived beneficial for the success of a business, many employers have refrained from increasing prices of their product for fear of inflation, which would negatively affect business operations. Additionally, various businesses have refrained from practices that would pollute the environment for fear of social backlash which would foster the downfall of the business (Friedman, 1970, para 8).

Business organizations operate with the aim of making profit and gaining competitive advantage in their respective industries. As a result, successful organizations have initiated various programs to build a positive public image for business success. For instance, Nestle implemented an initiative to enhance working conditions at the cocoa supply farms in Cote D’Ivoire. The company, therefore, partnered with Fair Labor Association (FLA), which works to ensure better working conditions of various companies’ supply chains. By partnering with FLA, Nestle Company intended to counter child labor in its supply chain and enhance productivity by providing education to workers at the cocoa farms (Nestle, 2012, p. 1). While companies such as Nestle have implemented policies to counter child labor, the practice still remains a serious ethical concern in most organizations where children seek employment to counter hunger and poverty in their families. In 2005, six child laborers at the Ivory Coast cocoa plantation sued Cargill Inc. and Nestle SA’s U.S. Unit for maintaining relationships with Ivory Coast, which is the largest cocoa producer in the world despite having adequate knowledge of child labor prevalent on the farms. According to the plaintiffs, the companies had provided the training and supplies needed on the farms but had not taken into consideration child labor which was rampant in the plantation (Pettersson, 2017, para 4). The ethical issue, therefore, remains on whether companies should take in as laborers children who willingly seek labor.  Fundamentally, many children have sought employment to relieve their families from hunger and poverty. On the contrary, many organizations have implemented policies to counter child labor and some cut ties with suppliers who embrace child labor to counter social backlash in society. Should companies refrain from child labor? What will be the negative implications of restricting such acts in various developing countries?

Traditional Theories and Resolution

Utilitarianism Theory

Although the law prohibits child labor, the issue of whether children should be allowed to offer labor has been a controversial issue in the contemporary business world. Mojonnier (2012, para 3) reveal the rampant act of child labor in various multinational corporations across the world.  Mojonnier (2012, para 6) further explains the importance of allowing child labor for various benefits. In his perspective, child labor should be allowed to enhance the living standards of thousands of families living in poverty in West African countries. Using a case analysis of a 10-year old boy who was fired, Mojonnier (2012, para 3) assert that restricting child labor in some developing countries has serious negative implications. In his analysis, Mojonnier (2012) explains how a child’s family lost their homestead due to lack of income and how the boy ended up scrounging for scraps to earn a living to sustain his family. Is it ethical to pursue actions that cause others pain? John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham implemented Utilitarian ethical theory which advocated for the right courses of action following various ethical dilemmas. In their theory, Stuart and Bentham pursued the right course of action to be that which brings the least harm and great good to many people (Santa Clara University, 2015, p. 6). According to the theory, persons should perform acts that benefit most people irrespective of societal laws underlying the issue or the personal feelings associated with the acts. In other words, Stuart and Bentham advocated for child labour since restricting it causes pains and sufferings for the affected families that depend on child labour for sustenance. Many developing countries have always experienced poverty, hunger, and unemployment among its communities. As a result, many children have pursued various acts such as selling scrap, begging in the streets and even stealing to provide basic needs for their families. In a general conversation with his students about the right course of action, Mojonnier (2012, para 3) revealed that most students from his class advocated for child labor for a better living. According to the students, most coming from developing countries such as China, India, and Bangladesh, many families from such countries lived in extreme poverty hence rely on child labor to survive (Mojonnier, 2012, para 3). With regards to Stuarts and Bentham’s utilitarianism theory, the right course of action would be allowing the children to participate in cheap labor to provide for their families. Restricting the act would cause more harm than good as more families would suffer from hunger and lack of basic needs. The theorists would, therefore, advocate for the infringement of the children’s rights to the happiness of their families.

Kantian Ethics

While the utilitarianism approach advocates for actions that bring the least harm and more benefit, the Kantian Ethics advocate for moral courses of actions. According to Kant, the moral course of action is that which aims to fulfill duties rather than depending on the consequences of one’s actions (Brown University, 2013, para 10). Precisely, Kant perceived duty as a moral obligation to all moral agents and was to be pursued without any exception. Fundamentally, Kant advocated the right course of action to be that which upheld human dignity (Sacramento State, 2017, para 1). According to the theorist, human beings should not just use others for personal gains. They should pursue actions that could be used universally and be viewed as fair regarding all perspectives on the issue. Moreover, human beings should do what they expect from their counterparts. For instance, while human beings expect others to keep their promises, they are also obligated to keep their promises to their counterparts (Sacramento University, 2017, para 4).

In the cocoa farms case analysis, Kant would advocate for eradication of child labor as the right course of action for the issue. In their article Taste of Slavery, Raghavan & Chatterjee (2001, para 4) reveal how an employee at the Ivory Coast cocoa farm, Aly Diabate, was promised a bicycle and $150 per annum to support his family in Mali. However, the child was not granted his promises, but was whipped on various occasions with a bicycle chain or cocoa tree branches. Kant advocated for the fulfillment of promises made to others as the moral course of action. While the child performed his duties, the merchants had a moral obligation of paying his wages as a return for his hard work. Additionally, Kantian Ethics advocates for actions that respect human dignity. Are the children on the farms treated with dignity while they are left to sleep in extremely poor conditions (Raghavan & Chatterjee, 2001, para 15)? People should do what they expect in return. Could the merchants expect their children to be treated the same way they treated the children in the cocoa farms? Certainly no. Could the actions they pursued be used universally? Unlikely. Moreover, are the actions fair from all perspectives? Due to the immoral actions of the farm, Kant could advocate for the eradication of child labor, which is meant to benefit others at the expense of the children.

 

 

Aristotle Ethics

Aristotle in his theory of ethics advocated against actions that were unjust and wrong. In his perspective, favors benefited some people without any justifiable reason (Santa Clara University, 2015, para 11). Additionally, discrimination was intended to impose burdens on people who did not deserve the acts. In his ethical principle, Aristotle advocates for justice as the moral course of action (Sachs, 2017, para 38). According to the theorist, the moral course of action in this case could be countering child labor in the cocoa farm. Why should farms and their beneficial companies be favored at the expense of children? Why would the minority be discriminated upon, while others enjoy the benefits of their hard work? The theorist would, therefore, oppose the issue of slavery and child labour for the benefit of rich farms and companies.

Ethical Relativism

While an action can be right in one culture, the same action could be wrong in another culture, creating controversies on the right course of action depending on the society in which the action is being pursued. Child labor is rampant in many developing countries such as India and Bangladesh. According to Mojonnier (2012, para 3), many families in India rely on child labor to survive. Before becoming a developed country, Mojonnier (2012, para 4) notes that the American society condoned child labour. Upon becoming a developed nation, child labor was abolished in the country, creating differences between the American society and other developing countries. The two communities, America and other developing countries such as India and Bangladesh, have different priorities. While developing countries strive to provide basic needs for communities living in poverty and hunger, the American society strives to enhance its living standards by enhancing universal and public education and abolishing child labor to abolish the act in American grounds (Mojonnier, 2012, para 5). Due to the controversies between the two communities, the ethical issue of child labor is more likely to be resolved differently depending on how the communities pursue their moral courses of action.

Best Resolution

Nevertheless, irrespective of the geographical boundaries, child labor has been considered a societal issue that needs to be addressed globally. The Human Rights Acts advocates for the dignity of human rights. The law further protects children from being subjected to forced labor. Why should we shatter the dreams of minors by allowing them to engage in cheap labor? According to Kantian Ethics, human beings should do onto others what they expect to be done to them in return (Sacramento University, 2017, para 4). Who would feel right when he or she is subjected to forced labor? Moreover, who would accept working in extremely poor conditions for cheap labor? According to Plante (2011, para 3), human behaviors are guided by their self-interests. For that reason, human beings tend to make decisions that are beneficial to them but rather harmful to others. Business organizations are more likely to be affected by engaging in activities that are considered immoral in society. According to Friedman (1970 para 28), most business organizations are concerned with the internal issue of their organization and are short sighted about the external issue that may foster the business’s downfall. Business organizations should, therefore, refrain from child labor for human dignity and the long-term success of the business in the industry.

Conclusively, while child labor has been a great concern across the globe, the question is whether child labor should be condoned in our society. Child labor deprives the dignity of human beings. Why should we condone such acts while the rate of unemployment among adults is prevalent in communities? Child labor should, therefore, be eradicated and companies should refrain from suppliers who condone the act for positive public image and sustainability of their business in the industry.

 

References

Brown University. (2013, May). A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions. Retrieved from Brown University: https://www.brown.edu/academics/science-and-technology-studies/framework-making-ethical-decisions

Friedman, M. (1970, September 13). The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. Retrieved from The New York Times Magazine: http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html

Mojonnier, T. (2012, February 2012). When Child Labor Is Ethical. Retrieved from Business Theory: http://businesstheory.com/child-labor-ethical/

Nestle’. (2012, June 29). Nestlé Action Plan on the Responsible Sourcing. Retrieved from Nestle’: http://www.nestle.com/asset-library/documents/creating%20shared%20value/rural_development/action_plan_for_fla_%20cocoa_report.pdf

Petterrson, E. (2017, March 10). Photographer: Jose Cendon/Bloomberg. Retrieved from Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-10/nestle-cargill-win-dismissal-of-lawsuit-by-former-child-slaves

Plante Ph.D., T. G. (2011, March 20). Ethics and Egoism: A lot in common? Retrieved from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/do-the-right-thing/201103/ethics-and-egoism-lot-in-common

Raghavan, S., & Chatterjee, S. (2001, June 24). A Taste of Slavery. Knight Ridder Newspapers.

Sachs, J. (2017). Aristotle: Ethics. Retrieved from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://www.iep.utm.edu/aris-eth/

Sacramento State. (2017). Kantian ethics. Retrieved from CSUS: http://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/kantian%20ethics.htm

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