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- QUESTION
Submitting a file upload
Purpose
The purposes of this assignment are to: (a) demonstrate nursing informatics skills to critique commonly used mobile applications, (b) synthesize nursing and non-nursing knowledge using a guided appraisal process, and (c) develop NI skills with computer technologies to support professional and personal development with implementation of medical applications in clinical practice.
Mobile Health, also known as mHealth, is defined as the use of wireless communication to support efficiency in public health and clinical practice. To facilitate mHealth, mobile applications (apps) have been developed, which can be executed either on a mobile platform or on a web-based platform which is executed on a server. Mobile medical apps are often accessories to a FDA-regulated medical device. Incumbent upon each healthcare provider is a clear understanding of the implications of this guidance on clinical practice as well as demonstrate discretion with regard to medical app implementation.
Course Outcomes
This assignment is guided by the following Course Outcomes (COs):
CO 2 Demonstrate synthesis of nursing and non-nursing science with information and computer technologies through collaborative advanced nursing practice (PO 5)
CO 4 Exemplify professional values and scholarship to support professional and personal development (PO 1)
Due Date
This assignment is due no later than the Sunday of Week 6 by 11:59 PM MT. Students are expected to submit assignments by the time they are due. Assignments submitted after the due date and time will receive a deduction of 10% of the total points possible for that assignment for each day the assignment is late. Assignments will be accepted, with penalty as described, up to a maximum of three days late, after which point a zero will be recorded for the assignment.
Total Points Possible: 200 Points
Preparation and Paper Outline:
PART 1: The medical application selection for this assignment is contingent upon the month of your birthday. Use the table below to identify the Medical App for this assignment.
Your Birth Month
Medical App for Assignment
January, February
MediCalc
March, April, May
AIDSinfo
June, July, August
CDC Milestone Tracker
September, October
ICD10
November, December
GoodRx
Use the Google Play Store for Android devices or the Apple iTunes App Store for Apple devices to search for the medical application as determined by the table above.
In order to complete the following guided appraisal, download the app to a mobile device (smartphone or tablet). The apps are free and do not require purchase to complete this assignment.
Provide proof of download by attaching a screenshot of the device screen in JPEG or PDF format to the assignment upload tab (in addition to submitting this assignment). Following the general instructions below for smartphone devices (specific device instructions may vary):
Android 4.0 and Newer: (Galaxy SIII, Galaxy S 4, Galaxy Note, HTC One, Nexus phones, Droid phones)
Any Android phone running Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0) or later can easily take a screenshot. Hold the Power and Volume Down buttons together until the screen flashes and you hear the shutter sound. The screenshot image will appear in your Gallery app, usually inside the Screenshots folder
iPhone
The method for taking a screenshot in iOS has been the same since version 2.0. Hold the Power (Sleep/Wake) and Home buttons together until the screen flashes and you hear the shutter sound. The screenshot image will appear in your Photos app under Camera Roll.
PART 2: Answer the Medical App Critical Appraisal questions thoughtfully and comprehensively. Use the criteria headings on this outline as the headings on your properly APA- formatted paper.
NAME: What is the name of the app?
AUTHOR: Who created, developed, or maintains the app? Explain.
ENDORSEMENT: Is the app licensed by the Food and Drug Administration, other government agency, or endorsed by an academic institution or medical professional organization? Explain.
OPERATION: Which platform (mobile or web-based) is suitable for the app and why?
AESTHETICS: Is the information displayed in a way that is easy to navigate? Is it easy to use? Can you use it without instructions? Explain.
PURPOSE: What is the intended purpose or use of the app?
CLINICAL DECISION MAKING: What influence does the app have on clinical decision making? Explain.
SAFETY: Is there potential for patient harm? Explain.
PRIVACY/SECURITY: Does the app have privacy statement or setting? Is there a clear privacy policy stating information will be encrypted and not shared with third parties? Does the app share information on social networks? Are users notified in the event of a breach of privacy and health information? Explain.
USER: For whom is the app intended (providers, patients, or others)? Explain.
DISTRIBUTION: Is it designed for local use or wider distribution? Explain.
CREDIBILITY: How credible are the sources of information? How do you know? Explain.
RELEVANCE: How current is the information in the app? When was the last update? Is the content consistent with evidence-based literature or best practices/standards of care? Explain.
PART 3: Provide one example of an appropriate patient or clinical scenario for this app. The example should include the following details:
Patient Age-population (Pediatric, Adult, Geriatric)
Clinical Setting (Hospital, Private Practice, Extended Living Facility)
History of Present Illness and Diagnosis or Condition
Provide a detailed description of the app in your example. When will the app be implemented (at the Point-of-care or elsewhere)? Who will use the app? What potential impact will it have on the scenario? Incorporate the critical appraisal information from Part 2. Provide one evidence-based scholarly article as a reference to support clinical decision making.
This assignment will be graded on the quality of the information, inclusion of one evidence-based scholarly resource, use of citations, use of Standard English grammar, and organization based on the required components (see the paper headings and content details in Part 1).
The length of the paper is to be between 1,000 and 1,500 words, excluding title page and reference list.
Create this assignment using Microsoft (MS) Word. You can tell that the document is saved as a MS Word document because it will end in ".docx."
APA format is required in this assignment, explicitly for in-text citations and the reference list. Use 12-point Times New Roman font with 1-inch margins and double spacing. See the APA manual for details regarding proper citation. See resources under Course Resources, "Guidelines for Writing Professional Papers" for further clarification.
* Scholarly Sources: Only scholarly sources are acceptable for citation and reference in this course. These include peer-reviewed publications, government reports, or sources written by a professional or scholar in the field. The textbooks and lessons are NOT considered to be outside scholarly sources. For the threaded discussions and reflection posts, reputable internet sources such as websites by government agencies (URL ends in .gov) and respected organizations (often ends in .org) can be counted as scholarly sources. The best outside scholarly source to use is a peer-reviewed nursing journal. You are encouraged to use the Chamberlain library and search one of the available databases for a peer-reviewed journal article. The following sources should not be used: Wikipedia, Wikis, or blogs. These websites are not considered scholarly as anyone can add to these. Please be aware that .com websites can vary in scholarship and quality. For example, the American Heart Association is a .com site with scholarship and quality. It is the responsibility of the student to determine the scholarship and quality of any .com site. Ask your instructor before using any site if you are unsure. Points will be deducted from the rubric if the site does not demonstrate scholarship or quality. Current outside scholarly sources must be published with the last 5 years. Instructor permission must be obtained BEFORE the assignment is due if using a source that is older than 5 years.
| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 10 | Style | APA |
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Answer
PART 2
GoodRx Mobile App
The use of technology in clinical practice has triggered significant changes and developments, including mobile applications that track healthcare outcomes and drug prescriptions. In the United States, their numerous mobile operated websites and apps whose roles continue to revolutionize practices in the healthcare environment. The development of the GoodRx mobile Application aimed to bridge the gap of information between pharmacists and patients and its progress since its inception in 2011 highlights the increasing role of technology in medical care. GoodRx monitors more than 75,000 pharmacies in the United States and drove website traffic of up to 14million visitors a month. The Application was collaboratively developed by Doug Hirsch, Trevor Bezdek, and Scott Marlette. It is maintained and managed by the GoodRx telemedicine company.
Endorsement
The development of GoodRx Application came at the backdrop of increased demand for quality healthcare services and the need to protect consumer safety in the pharmaceutical industry. Compliance with the FDA regulations remains mandatory in the healthcare space, and GoodRx achieves the endorsement of the agency. Evaluation of the Application's product lists indicates that it provides prescriptions approved by the FDA, taking into consideration brand-name and generic drugs. Besides the approval of the FDA, data suggests that GoodRx receives endorsement from over 325,000 professionals in the healthcare environment due to its capabilities to educate and empower patients. The use of GoodRx gains approval from the public and allows comparison of shops and coupon access for the medication (Loremlpsum, 2019).
Operations
The operations of the GoodRx Application run on virtually every mobile-based platform, including iOS and Android. It is also operational in web-based platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. The capabilities of the Application to be accessed in both mobile and web-based platforms reflect the essence of allowing higher-order consumer access. These platforms offer robustness in terms of reaching more consumers in the market.
Aesthetics
The aesthetics of the Application provides one of the unique aspects in terms of attracting usage. Its interface offers features that allow more natural user interaction, including access to shop contact information. It has capabilities that enable users to click directly on contact information from the website while it is also possible to zoom and move product images. The speed, images, and content of GoodRx Application also portray a high level of optimization in addition to an icon that allows geolocation of pharmacists. Its optimization framework based on content adds to its aesthetic feel, not only for location identification but also for advancing the relevance of content to users.
Purpose
The development of the GoodRx mobile came at the backdrop of increased demand for drug information and price listing in the market. Recent events have witnessed a surge in the need of quality pharmaceuticals. Access to healthcare is relatively expensive in the United States due to a lack of universal coverage, forcing patients to establish awareness of the cost of drugs. The purpose of GoodRx is to enable patients to compare local drug prices to find the best price available for a prescription drug. GoodRx collects and compares prices and discounts of different drug listing with different pharmacists. One of the Application's advantage lies in the fact that it allows users to print free discounted coupons (Bruce, 2019).
Clinical Making Decision
The increased utilization of mobile applications to enhance outcomes in the medical environment has been a subject of discussion over their potentially substituting traditional treatment approaches. Patients in the United States are increasingly adopting mobile applications to gain awareness of drug prescriptions. Although applications such as GoodRx are beneficial, they may negatively impact clinical decisions. The Application generally provides information about drug prescriptions and alternatives based on cost, which means that it is possible for patients using it to deviate from treatment plan if they deem specific prescription too expensive compared to others. Patients using GoodRx have a higher likelihood of influencing clinician decisions on prescriptions. However, the influence may be beneficial as the Application allows patients to develop more awareness about their conditions, which will be vital in the promotion of accurate diagnosis and treatment intervention frameworks.
Safety
The issue of patient safety when it comes to drug prescription remains critical when it comes to the use of mobile applications. GoodRx and other applications play essential roles in bridging the gap of information between patients and pharmacists besides improving patient education. Although the Application underscores the importance of patients adhering to doctor prescriptions, chances are higher that patients would want to deviate from treatment plan on the cost of drugs. Since the Application comprehensively covers all aspects of drug prescription and alternatives, patients would become more enticed to picking medications with low price listings. Evaluating the use of GoodRx Application indicates several issues related to the safety of patients in drug prescription. The Application provides capabilities for drug recommendation, a feature that has been identified to have potential risks to patients if it is done incorrectly. Sometimes incomplete information in the Application can expose patients to safety risks (Akbar et al., 2020).
Privacy and Security
Private and security of patient information continue to form the highlight of continued technological advancement in the healthcare system. The protection of patient information is a critical component of any mobile application, and GoodRx has established frameworks to ensure consumer confidence through information protection and security. The Application's capabilities in the safety and privacy of patients involve encryption protocols and restriction of information access from authorized personnel. However, issues have come up regarding the Application's sharing of user data. GoodRx has admitted to sharing data for advertising and analytics purposes, but it affirms to its users that the data cannot be linked back to individual persons. It's a thorny issue considering that many people are extremely sensitive when it comes to personal information. GoodRx has a provision for users who may want to opt-out for fear of privacy loss (Timmermann, 2020). The Application provides an opt-out and data deletion feature to all users. However, this was implemented after a Consumer Reports investigation implying that although the Application affirms the commitment to promote information privacy, users must remain aware of potential infiltration of potential data.
Users
Development of GoodRx targeted patients, the general public, physicians, and pharmacists. The cost of healthcare in the United States is significantly high and the application`s development recognized the need to enhance patient awareness on drug price. It provides pricing information on different drugs in addition to different pharmaceutical listings. It also aims to provide clinical information to patients and the public. Physicians and pharmacists can use the application to recommend prescriptions as well. GoodRx
Distribution
Although GoodRx Application can be accessed from anywhere in the world, the scope of its utilization remains exclusively in the United States. This is because the parent company, GoodRx is primarily stationed in the United States and most of the application`s deliverables are relevant in the United States. For instance, the cost of care in the US is relatively higher than most developed countries creating the necessity for the application which offers users better generic drug prices than their insurance plans (Kaufman, 2019).
Credibility
Credible information is vital in drug prescription, and GoodRx achieves this by obtaining information from reliable sources such as the Center for Disease Control and the National Institute of Health. The Application uses information from leading US pharmaceuticals such as A&Z and Abbot Laboratories in addition to the fact that it has been endorsed by the FDA (Shye, 2018). FDA endorsement and other agencies in healthcare, such as the American Nursing Association, affirm the credibility of the Application's information.
Relevance
The Application strives to provide current information relative to the constant change and innovation in the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems. GoodRx updates information on its website daily, emphasizing on the relevance component. Evidence-based practice advance personalized and quality care, elements adopted by the GoodRx. The application model underscores the use of personalized data to influence prescription medication outcomes.
PART 3: SCENARIO
GoodRx Application has become an essential tool when it comes to the management and treatment of chronic diseases. The surge in the prevalence of chronic diseases in the United States drives the demand in the use of applications such as the GoodRx. There are numerous clinical scenarios in which the use of GoodRx has proved effective. The case scenario here involves a geriatric diabetic patient in an extended living facility. The patient aged 69-years old was diagnosed with diabetes 15 years ago and has been under home care treatment, although severe symptoms would often result in hospitalization. The stability of the patient's condition relies on how effective he adheres to medication and insulin administration. Although symptoms such as frequent hunger, extreme fatigue, blurry vision, frequent urination, and thirst are common, the patient can manage the condition from home.
The app's implementation in the patient's case scenario considers that diabetes treatment and management involve drug administration and diet control. The Application which will take place at the patient's home will assume a personalized approach in prescription, which means taking into account the effectiveness and side effect profile of each medication, patient underlying health status, compliance issues, and cost to the patient. The Application used by the patient's home-based caregiver will provide information specific medications for specific symptoms in addition to dietary measures needed to suppress symptoms.
The potential impact of the Application on the scenario involves improving the response and timely treatment of symptoms, promoting education on better management and treatment of the condition, and reducing the hospitalization rate of the patient. The Application assumes evidence-based practice, implying that medications and prescriptions will be customized to meet the patient's needs besides emphasizing on the quality of home-based care (Ratner et al., 2017).
References
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Akbar, S., Coiera, E., & Magrabi, F. (2020). Safety concerns with consumer-facing mobile health applications and their consequences: a scoping review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(2), 330-340. Bruce, D, Fulghum. (2019). A consumer’s guide to drug discounts. Source: https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/consumers-guide-drug-discounts/ Loremlpsum. (2019). GoodRx or GreatRx? Source: https://digital.hbs.edu/platform-digit/submission/goodrx-or-greatrx/ Kaufman, Jack. (2019). 10 startups tackling the problem of high prescription drug costs. Retrieved from: https://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/10-startups-tackling-problem-high-prescription-drug-costs Ratner, N. L., Davis, E. B., Lhotka, L. L., Wille, S. M., & Walls, M. L. (2017). Patient-centered care, diabetes empowerment, and type 2 diabetes medication adherence among American Indian patients. Clinical Diabetes, 35(5), 281-285. Shye, Roni. (2018). FDA warns consumers about fraudulent flu products. Source: https://www.goodrx.com/blog/fda-warns-consumers-about-fraudulent-flu-products/ Timmermann, Michael. (2020). 10 Things to Know Before You Use GoodRx. Sourced: https://clark.com/health-health-care/good-rx/
Appendix
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