QUESTION
Health Education HED 100 OUTLINE
HED 110 Outline
ONE à Dimensions of Health (Ch 1)
Vocab & Concepts
Mortality (Rate)—how many die (per yr)
Life expectancy—how long we live
Chronic disease--slow (current cause of death) vs acute--fast (source of mortality 100 yrs ago)
Health-related quality of life—part of a healthy life expectancy (time you’re healthy)
Health = wellness (newer term)
Medical Model of Health (Individual & Disease focus) vs Public Health Model (community)
Health disparities—differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality & burden of disease on groups
Dimensions of Health (6)
Physical—activities of daily living (ADL’s)—shape & size of body; overall body health & fitness
Intellectual—ability to think clearly & reason objectively
Social—ability to have & maintain personal relationships
Spiritual—having a sense of meaning, purpose…higher power…customs & practices
Emotional—ability to express emotion appropriately, including control…self esteem, confidence
Environmental—understanding our interaction with our immediate and broader surroundings
Determinants of Health (5)—‘Healthy 2020 goals:’ 1) disease-free, long, high-quality lives for everyone
Policy-Making—how tax $ is spent
Health Services—access to quality healthcare services (distance, price, specificity/specialists)
Individual Behavior—modifiable: 1) nutrition, 2) physical activity, 3) alcohol, 4) tobacco use
Biology & Genetics—non-modifiable: cannot change, but often only inherited predispositions
Social Factors—social & physical condition of immediate environment (crime, violence, food, vehicle, $)
Behavioral Change Models (3)
Health Belief Model—what the person personally believes is what influences their health decisions, rather than the facts, so people don’t believe they are susceptible to the harmful effects, so behavior depends on:
Perceived seriousness of health problem (Smokers, ex)
Perceived susceptibility to the health problem
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers
Cues to action
Social Cognitive Model—base their behaviors on the experiences &/or opinions of others they know/meet; must see it to believe it. (need role models)
Trans-theoretical Model—change is a process, for it to stick, it must happen gradually, in 6 stages:
Pre-contemplation—no intention to change
Contemplation—thinking about changing and how
Preparation—possibly planning to take action to change
Action—people execute their action plans
Maintenance—continue the actions and work to make these changes permanent
Termination—the new behavior has become a habit……..leading to a 4 step plan:
Increase Awareness—research effective ways to achieve goals, make change
Contemplate change—
examine current behavior
ID a target behavior
Learn about target behavior
Assess your motivation & readiness to change
Prepare for change by setting a SMART goal:
Specific
Measurable
Action Oriented (Attainable)
Realistic
Time-oriented
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| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 4 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Health Education (Chapter 8) Outline
EIGHT: Reaching and Maintaining a Health Wealthy (Chapter 8)
Societal Costs of Obesity
Accounts for approximately 22% of the total healthcare costs in the U.S.
Increased risk of heart failure, diabetes and sexual dysfunction
Reduced life-expectancy
Obese people pay more insurance premiums
Reduced work productivity
Factors that contribute to Obesity and Overweight
Genetic and physiological factors
Obesity may run in families due to genetic predisposition
Abnormality in metabolic rates
Influences of Ghrelin and Leptin hormones
Presence of excess fat cells
Environmental Factors
Increased access to junk foods with high calorie amounts
Socio-economic and Psychosocial factors
Emotional insecurities and needs
Socio-economic status – impact of increased costs of living
Lifestyle Factors
Reduced levels of physical activities and exercise.
Sedentary lifestyles
Assessing body Composition and Weight
Overweight and obesity
One is considered overweight if he/ she has a BMI ranging between 25 and 29
One is considered obese if he/ she has a BMI of 30 and above
Body Mass Index (BMI)
What is it?
Tool for describing the weight of body relative to ones height.
BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 indicates healthy weight
BMI of 25 to 29.9 implies overweight
BMI ranging from 30 to 39.9 classifies one as obese
BMI ranging between 40 and 49.9 is considered morbidly obese
Youth and BMI
Other methods of measuring overweight and obesity
Waist circumference and ratio evaluations
Measurements of body fats
Weight Management
Maintain healthy eating habits
Choose whole foods instead of processed ones
Avoid sweetened drinks and foods with high contents of artificial sugars
Drink natural beverages such as water and soup broths
Avoid high-calorie foods
Increase the intensity, duration and frequency of daily exercise
Join a local physical exercise program or club such as jogging
Use stairs instead of lift
How to keep weight control in perspective and maintain healthy weight
Develop a program of health eating behavior and physical exercises that you maintain.
Use a suitable health tracking app to keep track of your daily or hourly physical activity and food intake.
Drastic Weight Loss Measures
These measures may be recommended if all the strategies mentioned above (eating habits and physical exercise) fail to produce desired results, thereby, exposing patients to extreme health risks
Diets with very low calories (Very-Low-Calorie Diets) and fasting
Patients are given mineral and vitamin supplements and powdered formulas with daily calories of between 400 and 700 under strict medical supervision.
Patients are advised to practice intermittent fasting
Health risks of these approaches
Sugar imbalance
Decreased BMR
Heart irregularities
Fatigue and weaknesses
Cold intolerance
Dehydration
Kidney infections and failure
Loss of lean body tissue
Potential for death due the onset of ketoacidosis
Keys and Tips to Maintaining Healthy Weight
It all starts with planning
Make short and long-term plans for balanced diet and exercise
Change your lifestyle habits and behaviors
Incorporate exercise in daily routine to stay physically active
Use weight loss supplements and over the counter medications in case of severe obesity that seems unresponsive to dietary changes and intensive physical exercises.
References
Donatelle, Rebecca J., et al. “Reaching and Maintaining a Health Wealthy”. Access to health. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1996.