Hearing and reading about the cyber-attacks on health care systems
We have been hearing and reading about the cyber-attacks on health care systems and hospitals across the country. This is a new phenomenon that is, without a doubt, on the rise. Below is the article about one of the largest health care systems that was affected by the cyber attack. In a two page assignment, provide a brief background behind the short history of cyber attacks, explain what those are and how they affect the organizations, and then, provide concrete recommendations on the possible mitigation of the cyber attacks and the solutions that can help prevent the attacks.
Major hospital system hit with cyberattack, potentially largest in U.S. history. Computer systems for Universal Health Services, which has more than 400 locations, primarily in the U.S., began to fail.
Sample Solution
The health system was the victim of a ransomware attack, in which hackers encrypt a victim’s data and demand payment before providing access to it. A Brief History of Cyber Attacks: Cyber attacks have been around since the dawn of computers but only recently have they become more sophisticated and widespread. In the past decade, there has been an exponential increase in cyber-attacks due to the increasing complexity of technology and its improved connectivity. Ransomware emerged as one form of attack during this time, with criminals extorting victims for money by encrypting their data until payment is made. This type of attack has seen a spike in recent years, as attackers find new ways to target vulnerable systems for financial gain.
n this experiment, small and large lima beans were used to test whether or not bean beetles had a preferred site size for oviposition. Our hypothesis proposed that if a preference was shown, a greater number of eggs would be oviposited on the larger lima beans compared to small lima beans. We predicted that they would prefer the larger bean because it has a greater surface area, therefore finding a spot on the bean to oviposit would be easier to do. On the contrary, our results show that we reject the null hypothesis due to the fact that our p-value was so extremely small. Because of this, we can conclude that C. maculatus prefer smaller sized lima beans for oviposition. The preference for a smaller lima bean could be due to a chemical cue preferred by, or undesirable to, bean beetles. Another reason could be that the nutrient to surface area ratio is greater, or because larger beans may be more appealing to predators. According to a similar experiment conducted by Jason Cope and Charles Fox, bean beetle eggs were distributed so that resources were maximized per individual offspring (2002). They found that females preferred a larger mass compared to surface area due to the quantity of resources available inside the seed. Although our experiments measured different variables, in both findings we can identify that a larger surface area is not ideal for bean beetle site preference for oviposition.
In an experiment conducted by Grace Pitman, Tyler Flockhart, and Ryan Norris, they measured which size and what density of a milkweed patch was preferred by the monarch butterfly for oviposition (2018). Their results showed that a small, low-density patch had the highest egg density. This was because larger patches showed an increase in predator abundance (Flockhart et al. 2018). When determining sites for oviposition, the one that increases probability of offspring survival is more desirable. Therefore, choosing a small, low-density site for oviposition increased the probability that the offspring would survive and reproduce. This relates to our experiment because we tested to find the preferred site that would increase survival in b