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.QUESTION
Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis. Discuss why this is important in your practice and with patient interactions.
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| Subject |
Nursing |
Pages |
2 |
Style |
APA |
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Answer
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Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing is the systematic process of using the data measured in a sample to determine if a claim or conjecture about a group or population parameter is true or not. In other words, it involves choosing between two competing or opposing hypotheses – null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis – by determining or testing if evidence from a random sample supports or rejects one of the hypotheses. As such, research uses hypothesis testing by formulating a conjecture about a parameter of a population (statistical hypothesis) in two ways: null hypothesis (H0) and alternative hypothesis (H1) (Privitera, 2011). Null hypothesis is the hypothesis to be tested, and a research presumes it is true unless there is sufficient evident to nullify it. For instance, in a study on the effects of cigarette smoking on heart health, a research would state and test a null hypothesis, “cigarette smoking increases the risk for cardiovascular disease”. Here, the research will investigate the number of heart disease patients who have a history of smoking and compare them with the number of patients who have never smoked. If there is enough evidence that smoking is a risk factor for heart disease (higher number of smokers than non-smoking patients), then null hypothesis is considered to be true.
The main reason a research tests the null hypothesis is because the researcher thinks it is wrong. As a result, the research states the alternative hypothesis (H1) that contradicts the null hypothesis by stating that the value of a sample parameter is not equal to, greater than or less than the value stated in the null hypothesis (Privitera, 2011). In the above example, a researcher would state the alternative hypothesis as, “cigarette smoking does not increase the risk for cardiovascular disease”. If the number of heart disease patients who have a history of smoking is less than non-smoking patients (insufficient evidence to support null hypothesis), then the research rejects the hypothesis and assumes that the alternative hypothesis is true.
Hypothesis testing is crucial in nursing practice and patient care in the wake of increasing complexity of illnesses. In diagnosis, for example, it helps to rule out the possibility of certain illnesses, especially those that show similar symptoms such as pneumonia and COVID-19. Hypothesis testing also guides the adoption of evidence-based interventions and medications aimed at treating effectively both the evolving or emerging illnesses.
References
Privitera, G. J. (2011). Statistics for the behavioral sciences. Sage
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