Innovation theory (value and disruptive)

Sample Solution

Innovation has been and continues to be a major factor in the success of organizations. Innovation theories provide guidance on how organizations can capitalize on innovation opportunities, as well as how they should manage the risks associated with them. In this paper, we will discuss two different innovation theories - value and disruptive - and explore their criteria for success, as well as examples of each theory in action. Value Innovation Theory Value innovation is an approach that emphasizes creating customer value through differentiation from competitors (Kim & Mauborgne, 2004). This strategy involves understanding what customers truly value and then tailoring unique products or services that meet these needs without attempting to outcompete rivals on price or other factors. The key criteria for successful value innovation include understanding your target market’s wants and needs; innovating new products/services that exceed customer expectations; leveraging resources efficiently    

Thomas Hobbes’ ​Leviathan​ marks the genesis of the artificial political entity that is the Hobbesian commonwealth, with a social covenant as its efficient cause. Hobbes claims that this all-powerful commonwealth that he baptizes the Leviathan (as an allusion to the biblical beast) is the ultimate escape from a state where people have unlimited rights, but fear is the absolute sovereign and war is the only constant. Though he is rather vocal about his preferred form of government being an absolute monarchy, there is still some debate in whether the Leviathan Hobbes described actually takes such form. Thus, it remains the question of what is the true form of this political entity? In Machiavelli’s The Prince,​ he claims that all governments in his time have either been governed by one man as in a principality or more than one man as in democratic or oligarchic republics (Machiavelli, 5). Along with being a reign of multiple people, a republican government in Machiavellian terms is a state where its people are “accustomed to living by their own laws and in liberty” (Machiavelli, 20). Based on these definitions I believe that the ideal Hobbesian Leviathan is both a principality and a republic as the sovereign wields all of the state’s power individually, but is merely the head to the political entity, as he creates and enforces legislation with the purpose of representing, serving, and protecting the people. By agreeing to the social contract, the masses free themselves of the paralyzing fear of the state of nature and make themselves, not only the authors of the Leviathan, but of each one of his actions. Therefore one could say that a Hobbesian commonwealth allows for people to live “by their own laws” (Machiavelli, 20). As Thomas Hobbes was a vocal advocate for absolute sovereignty as the greatest form of government, it is almost impossible not to find traces of his absolutism within the Leviathan. One example of this is the indivisibility of the office of the sovereign, in which Hobbes demonstrates when discussing the harm of having unrestricted representatives, who he calls “second sovereigns.” He states,