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- QUESTION
plz edit and proof read this laboratory experiments statment . feel free to add more detail and correct the mistakes its very importan
Laboratory experience statement
Laboratory work was essential in the study of Biomedical Sciences. The science learning goals of laboratory experiences include enhancing mastery of science subject matter, developing scientific reasoning abilities, increasing understanding of the complexity and ambiguity of empirical work, developing practical skills, increasing understanding of the nature of science, cultivating interest in science and science learning, and improving teamwork abilities. Biomedical sciences was a fascinating subject, which has encouraged me to take it to the next level. It has Level has really enhanced my understanding, by providing me with a deeper insight into the subject, and also gaining knowledge in relevant aspects of Biomedical Sciences, such as Immunology and the Human Anatomy. A skill I have obtained by studying variety of biomedical courses is applying our knowledge to real life situations, which is a key skill necessary in the field of Biomedical Sciences.
What I find fascinating is how laboratory Experiences made me developed a comprehensive aspect of scientific studies, Enhancing mastery of subject matter and also developing scientific reasoning. Here there is a list of some of the laboratory experiment I have done.
- The Effect of Smoking on total Cholesterol level: In this investigation, I measured the quantitative level of total cholesterol in blood serum for each volunteer, a standard cholesterol assay will be performed using infinity cholesterol reagent kit. This reagent is based on the formulation of Allain et al and the modification of Roeschlau with further improvements.
- Sub-cloning of the CIH-1 fungal gene: The aim of this experiment was to transfer the fungal gene CIH-1 from the plasmid pBK_CMW into the plasmid pUC19. I have conducted the whole project on my own. In this experiment Gel electrophoresis has been used to determine the DNA fragments size. DNA marker that has been used at the first band and the last band is negatively charged so attracted to the positive pole at the end of the gel. Smaller DNA fragments travel faster and pass through the end site faster, but larger molecules due to more friction are not able to travel to very far end. In figure 1, pUC 19 bands are not very clear as it’s expected and it’s hard to calculate the exact size of them.
- Effect of salinity on Barley and Wheat: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of salt in growth of seeds of Barley and Wheat by measuring the sodium concentration in salt. Then plants were left to grow for 12 weeks. Watering the samples as necessary as possible .At the end of 12 weeks the biomass of the plants was obtained. Sodium concentration can be measured by using a flame photometer by change in the flame color.
- Titration: The aim of titration is to determine the unknown concentration of a solution. The most typical titration involves gradual addition of the base to the acidic solution until the pH indicator turns a certain color. Typically the know solution is added from a burette to a known quantity of the unknown solution until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of the known solution determine the concentration of the unknown solution. Often an indicator is used to reach the endpoint.
The titration of the acid and bases depends on the pH of the acid. If the weak acid reacts with a weak base, or the strong base with strong acid the endpoint will be basic but if both of them equal strength the endpoint will be neutral. However, weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the color change shown with the indicator is often quick, and therefore very difficult for the observer to see the change of color.
- GAS LAWS WORKSHOP Including Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases: discover laboratory and everyday conditions, the behavior of gases is very predictable. The behavior of gases is so predictable that we can use mathematical relationships called “gas laws” to help us understand how a gas will behave given specific conditions. The interesting thing about the behavior of gases is that for most laboratory and everyday conditions, the identity of the gas is not a factor in gas behavior. For example, let’s say that you have two metal canisters, one filled with argon gas and the other filled with nitrogen gas. Both canisters have the same number of gas particles. You decide to warm them up a bit by putting them in a window. Both canisters will experience the same increase in pressure. We used the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) of matter is a model which can help us understand gas behavior and explain this observation.
- Investigation of cells and chromosomes of the snook: For this experiment we decide how to conduct s experiments in the laboratory. We made clear notes about our methods and you record results with great care and precision.3mm segments taken from the tip of the tail of 3 day old snook were excised (cut off) and the cut tail fragments were incubated with the drug colchicine for 24 hours then fixed in acetic acid.
- Investigation of cells contained in the hindleg swellings of the snook : the same procedure followed as above .
- Flame Photometry : Sodium levels, Calibration and dilutions. To determine the concentration of sodium in Soy Sauce, and Reduced Salt Soy sauce and to compare your findings with the information on the label.
- DYES - TLC and UV Analysis-Separation of Plant pigment . Identification of components of a mixture can be determined either by comparing them with reference samples spotted on the same chromatogram or by determining their RF values and comparing them with known RF values .In this practical, the aim was to use a TLC system to separate the various pigments extracted from a variety of plants used as foodstuffs. The components will be identified both by determination of their RF values and by their removal from the TLC plate and determination of their characteristic absorption spectra.
- GEL FILTRATION- Chromatographic separation of molecules. To gain an understanding of the principles of gel filtration chromatography and its potential applications, eg. for protein purification .To gain experience in the use of low pressure gel filtration chromatography to separate molecules of different molecular masses .To use a basic spectrophotometer such as the Corning 253, Corning 258, Cecil 1000, MSE Spectro-plus) in order, in this case, to detect the separated molecules in the chromatographic eluates.
- ELECTROPHORESIS-Separation of blood Serum Proteins. To be familiarize with the technique known as electrophoresis. This practical form an introduction to the principles of protein electrophoresis
- Cytochemistry – Different stains in blood analysis
- Determination of the glucose content of an orange. This experiment mainly focuses on the concentration of invert sugar in orange to measure total reducing sugars (both glucose and fructose) by measuring the glucose component by enzymatic method called GOD_PAP assay (glucose oxidase peroxidase aminophernazone phenol ) is based on 2 coupled enzyme reaction with a colorimetric endpoint .
- Gel filtration: The aim of this experiment was to achieve the highest possible resolution in the shortest possible time, and principle of gel filtration chromatography.
- Factor VIII enzyme: Investigate two types of factor assay to determine the possible cause of a clotting disorder in 3 patients. One tests the functionality of FVIII the other is to determine FVIII protein levels.
- Techniques in Cell Biology ,Flow Cytometry : Introduce a number of new concepts associated with using flow cytometry for different applications within cell biology as well as introducing methods of data analysis.
- Techniques and procedures for the analysis of DNA relating to gene cloning.
- extraction of plasmid DNA
- restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA
- analysis of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis
- ligation of DNA into a plasmid vector
- preparation of competent E.coli
- introduction of DNA into E.coli by transformation
- Selection of transformants by antibiotic resistance
- detection of recombinant colonies by blue-white colour selection
| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 8 | Style | APA |
|---|
Answer
Laboratory Experiments Statement
Laboratory work is essential in the study of Biomedical Sciences. The science learning goals of laboratory experiments include enhancing mastery of science subject matter, developing scientific reasoning abilities, increasing understanding of the complexity and ambiguity of empirical work, developing practical skills, increasing understanding of the nature of science, cultivating interest in science and science learning, and improving teamwork abilities. Biomedical Sciences is a fascinating subject, which has encouraged me to take it to the next level. It has really enhanced my understanding by providing me with deeper insight into the subject as well as gaining knowledge in relevant aspects of Biomedical Sciences such as Immunology and the Human Anatomy. A skill I have obtained by studying a variety of biomedical courses is applying our knowledge to real life situations, which is a key skill necessary in the field of Biomedical Sciences.
I find it fascinating how laboratory experiments made me develop a comprehensive aspect of scientific studies; hence, enhancing my mastery of subject matter as well as developing scientific reasoning. Below is a list of some of the laboratory experiment I have done.
- The Effect of Smoking on total Cholesterol level: In this investigation, I measured the quantitative level of total cholesterol in blood serum for each volunteer; a standard cholesterol assay will be performed using infinity cholesterol reagent kit. This reagent is based on the formulation of Allain et al and the modification of Roeschlau with further improvements.
- Sub-cloning of the CIH-1 fungal gene: The aim of this experiment was to transfer the fungal gene CIH-1 from the plasmid pBK_CMW into the plasmid pUC19. I conducted the whole project on my own. In this experiment Gel electrophoresis was used to determine the DNA fragments size. The DNA marker that was used at the first band and the last band was negatively charged. Therefore, it established a natural attraction to the positive pole at the end of the gel. Smaller DNA fragments travelled faster and passed through the end site faster. However, larger molecules were unable to travel to the far end due to increased friction. In figure 1, pUC 19 bands are not very clear as is expected, which makes it difficult to calculate their exact size.
- Effect of salinity on Barley and Wheat: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of salt in growth of seeds of Barley and Wheat by measuring the sodium concentration in salt. Plants were left to grow for 12 weeks. The samples were watered as frequently. At the end of 12 weeks the biomass of the plants was obtained. Sodium concentration can be measured by using a flame photometer by change in the flame color.
- Titration: The aim of titration is to determine the unknown concentration of a solution. The most typical titration involves gradual addition of the base to the acidic solution until the pH indicator turns into a certain color. Typically the known solution is added from a burette to a known quantity of the unknown solution until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of the known solution determines the concentration of the unknown solution. Often an indicator is used to reach the endpoint.
The titration of the acid and bases depends on the pH of the acid. If a weak acid reacts with a weak base, or a strong base with a strong acid, the endpoint will be basic. However, if both of them have equal strength the endpoint will be neutral. Notably, weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the color change shown with the indicator is often quick, and therefore very difficult for the observer to perceive the change of color.
- GAS LAWS WORKSHOP Including Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases: discover laboratory and everyday conditions, the behavior of gases is very predictable. The behavior of gases is so predictable that we can use mathematical relationships called “gas laws” to help us understand how a gas will behave given specific conditions. The interesting thing about the behavior of gases is that for most laboratory and everyday conditions, the identity of the gas is not a factor in gas behavior. For example, one has two metal canisters; one filled with argon gas and the other filled with nitrogen gas. Both canisters have the same number of gas particles. You decide to warm them up a bit by putting them in a window. Both canisters will experience the same increase in pressure. We used the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) of matter, which is a model that can help us understand gas behavior and explain this observation.
- Investigation of cells and chromosomes of the snook: For this experiment we decide how to conduct experiments in the laboratory. We made clear notes about our methods and you record results with great care and precision. 3mm segments taken from the tip of the tail of 3 day old snook were excised (cut off) and the cut tail fragments were incubated with the drug colchicine for 24 hours then fixed in acetic acid.
- Investigation of cells contained in the hind-leg swellings of the snook : the same procedure followed as above .
- Flame Photometry: Sodium levels, Calibration and dilutions. To determine the concentration of sodium in Soy Sauce, and Reduced Salt Soy sauce and to compare your findings with the information on the label.
- DYES - TLC and UV Analysis-Separation of Plant pigment. Identification of components of a mixture can be determined either by comparing them with reference samples spotted on the same chromatogram or by determining their RF values and comparing them with known RF values .In this practical, the aim was to use a TLC system to separate the various pigments extracted from a variety of plants used as foodstuffs. The components will be identified both by determination of their RF values and by their removal from the TLC plate and determination of their characteristic absorption spectra.
- GEL FILTRATION- Chromatographic separation of molecules. To gain an understanding of the principles of gel filtration chromatography and its potential applications, eg. for protein purification .To gain experience in the use of low pressure gel filtration chromatography to separate molecules of different molecular masses .To use a basic spectrophotometer such as the Corning 253, Corning 258, Cecil 1000, MSE Spectro-plus) in order, in this case, to detect the separated molecules in the chromatographic elutes.
- ELECTROPHORESIS-Separation of blood Serum Proteins. To familiarize with the technique known as electrophoresis. This practical forms an introduction to the principles of protein electrophoresis
- Cytochemistry – Different stains in blood analysis
- Determination of the glucose content of an orange. This experiment mainly focuses on the concentration of invert sugar in orange to measure total reducing sugars (both glucose and fructose) by measuring the glucose component by enzymatic method called GOD_PAP assay (glucose oxidase peroxidase aminophernazone phenol ). It is based on 2 coupled enzyme reaction with a colorimetric endpoint .
- Gel filtration: The aim of this experiment was to achieve the highest possible resolution in the shortest possible time as well as principle of gel filtration chromatography.
- Factor VIII enzyme: Investigates two types of factor assay to determine the possible cause of a clotting disorder in 3 patients. One tests the functionality of FVIII the other is to determine FVIII protein levels.
- Techniques in Cell Biology, Flow Cytometry: Introduce a number of new concepts associated with using flow cytometry for different applications within cell biology as well as introducing methods of data analysis.
- Techniques and procedures for the analysis of DNA relating to gene cloning.
- extraction of plasmid DNA
- restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA
- analysis of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis
- ligation of DNA into a plasmid vector
- preparation of competent E.coli
- introduction of DNA into E.coli by transformation
- Selection of transformants by antibiotic resistance
- detection of recombinant colonies by blue-white colour selection