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Literacy Program for English Language Learners

A good beginning literacy program for English language learners constitutes phonemic awareness, fluency, vocabulary, phonics, and comprehension. To start with, phonemic awareness entails the ability of a learner to hear that spoken words are constituted by various discrete sounds. Teaching phonemic awareness enables the learners to recognize printed words, plays an important role in the identification, understanding, and manipulation of sounds in spoken words, and aids instructors to identify if leaners have problem with spelling and reading (Pilgrim & Ward, 2017). Fluency, however, refers to the learner’s ability to correctly and effortlessly take part in reading, speaking, and writing English. It is attained when a learner no longer focuses on how to read, and enables a learner to quickly recognize a word and simultaneously comprehend it.

On the other hand, vocabulary refers to the acquaintance of words and their respective meanings. It helps the students to not only understand words, but also be in a position use them to convey meaning. According to Pilgrim and Ward (2017), vocabulary is a vital element of literacy program for English language learners since the more words the learners know and understand, the more they will comprehend during reading. In the same breadth, phonics refers to the understanding that there exist a probable relationship amidst graphemes (the spellings as well as letters which represent the sounds in written language) and phonemes (the sound of spoken language). Phonics instruction plays a great role in decoding words through having the ability to recognize the sounds which accompany letter patterns and letters. It also helps in increasing fluency through assisting learners read with ease and more accurately. Lastly, comprehension is a learner’s understanding of what he or she is reading. It is essential for success in both personal and academic learning.