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QUESTION
research discussion on Opsoclonus-myoclonus case
rarity, how common what causes in-depth neurology discussion on the above research topic with multiple up to date medical references
| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 3 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, also called Kinsbourne syndrome or dancing eyes syndrome (DES), is a rare, pervasive, neurobehavioral disorder (Mondragon, Jimenez-Zarazua, Velez Ramirez, & Rivera, 2019). Opsoclonus denotes chaotic darting eye movements and myoclonus indicates brief involuntary muscle jerks (Yadav, Mahay & Khanna, 2016). It is a “rare acquired movement disorder occurring in all age groups, predominantly in infants” (Scholarly edition, 2011) with strong evidence suggesting that there is parainfectious immune process that results to nervous system dysfunction. This paper gives an in-depth discussion on the OMS disorder.
Symptoms associated with the disorder are dancing eyes-dancing feet, rapid and repeated eye movements in both horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions, unsteady or inability of the patient to walk or stand straight, brief shock-like spasms of several muscles within the arms or a tremor that interferes with the use of the hand (Klaas, Ahlskog, Pittock, 2012). OMS occurs in both children and adults. In children, it is related to neuroblastoma in almost 50% of cases, tumor, whereas in adults it is usually caused by cancer. (Gallerini and Marsili 2016). The patient sometimes has difficulty in speech or articulating speech. In rare cases, one may experience complete loss of speech. The disorder is characterized by associated ocular, moor, behavioral, sleep and language disturbance. The onset in children is 3 years and is “usually abrupt, often severe and can be chronic (Meena et al., 2017). OMS is caused, mostly in children, by a hidden tumor which provokes the immune system into attacking the nervous system (Fernández-Alvarez, Arzimanoglou, & Tolosa, 2005). The tumor is usually not in the brain but in another part of the body. 1 out of 1 million people worldwide have this disorder (O’Brien & Siatkowski, 2016).
The diagnosis of the disorder is often clinical and various symptomatic manifestations are reliable indicators of the disorder. Treatment for the disorder is early and aggressive immunotherapy that aims at attaining a complete and long-term neurological remission and if the tumor is identified, surgical removal is often recommended.
References
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Fernández-Alvarez, E., Arzimanoglou, A., & Tolosa, E. (2005). Paediatric movement disorders: Progress in understanding. Gallerini, S and Marsili, L (2016). Peadtric opsoclonus syndrome: the role of functional brain connectivity studies. Klaas, P.J, MD, Ahlskog E.J, PhD, Pittock, S.J (2012). Adult-Onset Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome. Meena, P.J, Seth R, Chakrabarty, B, Gulati, S, Agrawala, S, Naranje P. (2017). Neuroblastoma presenting as opsoclonus-myoclonus: A series of six cases and review of literature. Mondragon J.D, Jimenez-Zarazua, Velez Ramirez L.N, Rivera M.A (2019). Pananeoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome secondary to melanoma metastasis form of cancer. O’Brien, J MD and Siatkowski, M. MD (2016). Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome. American Academy of Opthamology. Scholarly Paper. Ocular Motility Disorders: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition. Yadav, D.K, Mahay S.H and Khanna, R (2016). Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in Chinkunga Virus Infection. A case report
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