QUESTION
partial agonist and a partial antagonist.
Reflect on the concepts of foundational neuroscience as they might apply to your role as the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner in prescribing medications for patients.
QUESTION:
Give an example of a partial agonist and a partial antagonist.
What would be the benefit of prescribing them over a full agonist or antagonist?
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| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 4 | Style | APA |
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Answer
Constrating Partial Agonist from Partial Antagonist
Partial agonists refers to a form of medication shows the actions of the signal ligand since it blends and activates a receptor (Fudin, 2018). However, its efficacy is relatively lower than the full agonist. Partial agonists generates sub-maximal activation even in situations where constitutes the entire population of receptor. Thus, it cannot generate the maximal response regardless of the applied concentration. Key examples of partial agonist medication encompass butorphanol, buprenorphine, as well as, tramadol. The tramadol activates its partial physiologic response once on the mu receptors and through triggering noradrenaline and 5-HT pathways. Contrarily, partial antagonist is a form of medication automatically blends with a receptor without necessarily activating them. However, it instead lowers the ability of the receptors to get activated by other agonists (Fudin, 2018). This implies that partial antagonist is a medication that attenuates the impact of an agonist. Notably, a partial antagonist binds to non-agonist site within the receptor to prevent receptors from being activated. Some of the examples of partial antagonist include naloxone and ketamine.
One of the benefits of prescribing partial agonist and partial antagonist over full agonist or antagonist is that the former especially the partial agonist causes minimal conformational change, as well as, receptor activation as compared to full agonists. While both partial and full agonists may offer similar impacts full agonist and antagonist at low doses, increasing the dosage of partial agonists makes make analgesic activity to plateau (Kaliman, 2019). Further, an increase in the dosage hardly offers the required relief but instead may aggravate the detrimental effects.
Secondly, prescribing partial agonist and partial antagonist as opposed to full antagonist or agonist is beneficial since the two treatments reduces the impacts of respiratory depression plateaus the rise in the doses, making them the most appropriate and viable alternatives for individuals at risk of respiratory depression. Precisely, partial antagonism is important in lowering stress that is induced by drug seeking traits due to the resulting blockage of dynorphins (Stahl, & Stahl, 2013).
References
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Fudin, J. (2018, January 6). Opioid agonists, partial agonists, antagonists: Oh my! Pharmacy Times. Retrieved March 14, 2021, from https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/opioid-agonists-partial-agonists-antagonists-oh-my Kaliman, P. (2019). Epigenetics and meditation. Current opinion in psychology, 28, 76-80. Stahl, S. M., & Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl's essential psychopharmacology: neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4 ed). New York: Cambridge university press.
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