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Political Cartoon "School Begins"
QUESTION
Discussion Board Topic: Primary Source discussion on the political cartoon, “School Begins,” available in the Building the American Empire lesson. What is the artist's message? Use specific examples from (or descriptions of) the cartoon to support your answer. Post your response in paragraph form in the first Discussion Board. (Be sure to review the Library of Congress guide to analyzing political cartoons before writing your post.)
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Law and governance |
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APA |
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Answer
Political Cartoon: School Begins
This paper analyzes the meaning of the cartoon School Begins that was published in Puck Magazine in 1899. The School Begins cartoon was posted on January 25, 1899, and was stimulated by two events happening the previous year. These two events were the Spanish-American war and the America annexation of Hawaii. The cartoon tackled what Americans should do with the newly gained territories by equating them to new, disobedient, or discourteous learners, with Uncle Sam as the personification of America acting as the schoolmaster. In School Begins, the artist portrays a regular classroom environment with Uncle Sam as the school teacher and American states and territories as the pupils. The teacher is trying to punish or teach the new leaners/territories like the Philippines, Cuba, Hawaii, and Porto Ricco. But the new learners are portrayed as dissatisfied or unhappy with their new authority figure called America.
The cartoon portrays the new territories of the Philippines, Hawaii, Cuba, and Porto Rico as dark-skinned school kids who are seen frowning as Uncle Sam lectures them on how to behave. The well-dressed learners attentively reading their books represent states that America has had for long such as Texas, Alaska, California, Arizona, and Mexico. The belief is that ultimately these four new territories will become civilized and be part of the Union (Martinez, 2017). The American individuals, those of Anglo/European ancestry, had to meet their theoretical responsibilities as adequately civilized individuals and extend civilization to the less fortunate. The portrayal of territories acquired from 1848 Mexican Cessation a while is likewise suggestive of an assimilationist disposition which continues today.
The cartoon depicts how the American government seemingly acknowledged the burden of bringing civilization to the new regions. The portrayal of African-American boy cleaning the window, a Native American learner reading a book upside-down, and a Chinese boy entering the class late portray the American racial bias (Martinez, 2017). This racial prejudice was implemented in legitimizing the growth in imperialism in Europe and America. Hence School Begins to act as a very enlightening cartoon for comprehending the racial suggestions of the imperialist thoughts in America at the time.
References
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Martinez, S. (September 8, 2017). U.S. Expansionism in the Gilded Age: Arguments in Political Cartoons. Retrieved from https://blogs.miamioh.edu/hst-journeys/2017/09/u-s-expansionism-in-the-gilded-age-arguments-in-political-cartoons/
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