Ricky Ricky, age 4 years, arrives in the clinic with his mother. Ricky lives with his mother and father, who both work full-time, and his infant sister. Their extended family lives in a different state more than 100 miles away. Both parents are of average height and in good health. Ricky’s mother mentions that Ricky often expresses frustration, particularly in regard to food. Conflict over food occurs every day. Mealtime is a battle to get him to eat, unless his mother feeds him. Ricky’s baby sister seems to tolerate all baby foods but requires her mother to spoon-feed. Ricky’s mother is quite frustrated and concerned that he will become malnourished.
Reflective Questions
What additional assessment information would you collect?
What questions would you ask, and how would you further explore this issue with the mother?
In what ways does the distance of the extended family influence this family’s approach to health promotion?
What factors would you consider to determine whether malnourishment is a factor in this family?
Sample Solution
1. Income level: Low-income families often have limited access to healthy, affordable foods and may not be able to afford proper nutrition for their family.
2. Eating habits: Families with unhealthy eating habits or who eat large portions of processed, unhealthy foods are more likely to be malnourished than those who are mindful about what they eat.
3. Health conditions: Certain health conditions can increase the risk of malnutrition and make it difficult for a person to get all the nutrients they need from their diet alone.
The second theory is ‘Liquid Modernity’ developed by Bauman. In liquid modernity, the web has a momentary value, the past and future become meaningless as coordinates of the psychological life of the individuals’ present (Bauman, 2009). The reason and reality tend to break down the subject having the illusion of being omnipotent, omnipresent and immortal (Carabellese et al., 2014). Therefore, on the web, the other cannot be met as a real person but in terms of an empty simulacrum, convenience and appearance (Baudrillard, 1981), lacking its own identity defined in its spatial and temporal coordinates (Cassinari, 2005).
Space Transition Theory concludes seven key postulates, (1) person, with repressed criminal behaviour (in the physical space) have a propensity to commit a crime in cyberspace which they would not commit in physical space, due to their status and position. Due to Rosica being an ex-cop restricted him committing a behaviour in physical space, as he had to maintain his status and position of being an ex-cop. (2) Identity flexibility, dissociative anonymity and the lack of deterrence factor in the cyberspace provides offenders with the choice to commit cybercrime. Rosica had the accessibility to create a fake online identity in which he did (Katy Jones), this was the identity flexibility factor. This meant that his real identity was hidden/anonymous (dissociative anonymity). And he also knew there is no certainty of punishment, especially with an unknown identity (lack of deterrence). (3) Criminal behaviour of offenders in cyberspace is likely to be imported into physical space, vice versa. Information was not given about Roscia’s physical stalking but he was charged five years for this being one of the reasons. (4) Intermittent ventures of offenders into the cyberspace and the dynamic spatiotemporal nature of cyberspace provide the chance to escape. Roscia knows that in cyberspace there is no continuous risk in getting caught, as the changing of space and time can contribute to the offenders’ escape. (5) (a) strangers are likely to unite together in cyberspace to commit a crime in the physical space and (b) associates of physical space are likely to unite to commit a crime in cyberspace. This claim does not apply t