Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

Answer

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

In any nursing research, the process of evaluating the evidence follows two approaches: qualitative and quantitative method. The quantitative procedure incorporates the assessment of numerical data as well as various measures applicable in the study under evaluation. Some of the parameters applied in the quantitative technique of evidence assessment include average or mean, standard deviation, among other statistical metrics (Rutberg & Bouikidis, 2018). This method is used when a researcher wants to find patterns as well as averages, test casual relationships, make predictions, and generalize the outcome to a wider population.

The quantitative approach is widely used in social and natural sciences: sociology, economics, marketing, psychology, chemistry, biology, etc. Under this method, data is collected using controlled observations, interviews, surveys, experiments, and longitudinal studies. As for the analysis the generated data could use descriptive statistics or inferential statistics Rutberg & Bouikidis, 2018). Descriptive statistics gives researchers a summary of their data together with the measures of average as well as variability. Inferential statistics enables researchers to make generalizations or predictions based on their data.

On the other hand, the qualitative research method entails collecting and evaluating non-numerical data such as texts, videos, or audios to conceptualize concepts, experiences, or opinions (Silverman, 2016). Similar to the quantitative approach, the qualitative method is also used in social sciences and humanities in subjects such as history, health science, education, anthropology, etc. This method is mostly used when the researcher wants to understand how people experience their surroundings. The common styles used in this method include action research, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative research, and phenomenological research.

Also, the method of data collection resembles those used in quantitative study such as surveys, interviews, observations. However, this method also uses secondary research and focus groups to obtain substantial data (Silverman, 2016). In line with analyzing data, the qualitative approach can take five different steps: identifying recurring themes, assigning codes to the data, developing a data coding system, reviewing and exploring data, and preparing as well as organizing data.

References

Rutberg, S., & Bouikidis, C. D. (2018). Focusing on the fundamentals: A simplistic differentiation between qualitative and quantitative research. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 45(2), 209-213.

Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. sage.

18.QUESTION

vidence Based Practice topic Coumadin and how to safely manage medication    

ANSWER

Evidence Based Practice on Coumadin and how to Safely Manage Medication

Cohen, J., Sinvani, L., Wang, J. J., Kozikowski, A., Patel, V., Qiu, G., ... & Spyropoulos, A. C. (2018). Warfarin quality metrics for hospitalized older adults. TH open: companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis, 2(3), e242. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6524880/

The article by Cohen and colleagues (2018) offers a detailed assessment of Warfarin's quality metric administered to hospitalized older patients. It highlights that when administered wrongly, Warfarin presents adverse detrimental and costly drug events. The article's main strength is that it sheds light on effective outpatient Warfarin management tools and in-depth guidance for the inpatients. Further, the paper describes chronic Warfarin quality metrics that health systems can execute to manage older inpatients. However, the article's weakness does not cover details on the effect of the rate of change or overshoots and how such events can affect clinical procedures among patients.

Department of Health (January 2016): Guidelines for warfarin management in the community. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/443806/warfarin-guidelines.pdf

The guideline offers diverse recommendations concerning best practices to initiate and manage warfarin for community patients and community and primary health services, particularly Home-Based Acute Care Service or Hospital in the Home. The guideline's main strength is that the regulations and standards of procedure apply to communities that lack a standard work unit procedure. However, the article's main weakness is that it does not adequately address all underlying elements of standard practice by assuming that clinicians have the responsibility to. Further, it does not guide consumers of choice and the need to ensure consent is obtained before administration. The article does not further document care in line with local and mandatory regulations.

Gregory P. Hatzis., January (2013). Protocol for the management of oral surgery patients on warfarin utilizing a Point-of-Care In-Office international normalized ratio monitoring device. Journal of Stomatology 01(04: 255-267. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270802715_Protocol_for_the_management_of_oral_surgery_patients_on_warfarin_utilizing_a_Point-of-Care_In-Office_international_normalized_ratio_monitoring_device

The study provides a detailed protocol for managing oral surgery patients on warfarin using the Point-of-Care In-Office international normalized ratio monitoring device. The article's main strength is that it assesses patient management after minor oral surgery procedures under the medication, safety performance, and how the patients can be maintained to reduce the danger of likely devastating thromboembolic events. However, the article fails to highlight the best perioperative management procedures to help care providers understand the differences in managing patients under the two conditions.

Philip Tideman., December (2015). How to manage warfarin therapy, Australian Prescriber 38(2):44-48. DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2015.016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281720922_How_to_manage_warfarin_therapy

The article by Philip and colleagues suggest practical strategies for managing warfarin therapy in patients. Patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation are recommended to long-term treatment using warfarin to manage stroke issues, prosthetic heart valves, and recurrent venous thrombosis. The article's main strength is that it emphasizes the need to introduce patient education before warfarin treatment commences. It also proposes strategies for detecting signs and symptoms for bleeding, diet control, and the management of likely drug interactions and actions to adopt if the dosage is missed. The article informs the current research because it highlights strategies that care providers can adopt to reduce warfarin's adverse effects. It further suggests the need to introduce scoring systems like the CHADS2 for determining whether warfarin treatment is suitable for patients with atrial fibrillation. However, the article's key weakness is that it does not discuss the importance of regular monitoring for anticoagulant effects and how this affects point-of-care testing and clinical outcomes.

UW Health. Warfarin Management - Adult - Ambulatory Clinical Practice Guideline. https://www.uwhealth.org/files/uwhealth/docs/pdf2/Ambulatory_Warfarin_Guideline.pdf

The guideline offers evidence-based measures for managing anticoagulation therapy with oral vitamin K antagonists (warfarin). The guideline's main strength is that it sheds light on the best standardized and validated support models for dosing and monitoring warfarin therapy for most patients. It also offers a resource for standardizing and customizing the approaches to warfarin management for an individual patient and how it leads to lower incidence of supra-therapeutic and critical INR outcomes, lowering the danger of bleeding events while providing detailed evidence for managing adverse drug and dietary interactions. However, the document's key limitation is that it does not assess external factors influencing the dosing of warfarin, hence making its management strategies unrealistic.

Weycker, D., Li, X., Wygant, G. D., Lee, T., Hamilton, M., Luo, X., ... & Atwood, M. (2018). Effectiveness and safety of apixaban versus warfarin as outpatient treatment of venous thromboembolism in US clinical practice. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 118(11), 1951. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206509/

The research study established by Weycker and colleagues examines the efficacy and safety of administered apixaban as opposed to warfarin as an outpatient treatment option to control venous thromboembolism within the United States clinical practice. The article's main strength is that it provides a detailed evaluation of comparative effectiveness and safety of using the two treatment options in routine clinical procedures and how they prevent malignancy, reduce immobility, and cardiac or respiratory failure. However, it does not give management procedures for handling patients after administration with either medication, and this article might not inform this research as expected.