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QUESTION
Reproductive Issues
Points Possible
This week, you will submit a rough draft of your term paper.
A rough draft is not expected to be polished, and as such, this assignment will be graded on a completion basis. However, in order to receive full credit for the assignment, the following components must be met:
The rough draft includes an introduction, a minimum of four body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
A minimum of three references are incorporated as supporting evidence.
Use the outline you posted as a guide. As you draft you may find that changing some pieces is necessary for the paper to make sense.
Be sure to follow APA style formatting for your paper and cite your sources.Reproductive Issues – Topic
West Coast University
Vanessa Anderson
The topic that I am choosing is reproductive issues. In vitro fertilization known as IVF is used as a way help woman who have problems being coming pregnant. The very first cases of IVF are in 1934 when Dr. Pincus fertilized and animal egg in a lab. From there it led to the first IVF baby born in 1978, and she was known as test tube baby. Given that this process requires for the egg to become fertilized outside of the body and implanted in the uterus once the embryo is between 3 to 5 days. From here the woman is monitored and treated like a normal pregnancy. Today, IVF is a growing business in the medical field, families have options besides adoptions to grow their family.
However, IVF does come with some controversial issues, when they do the invitro process, doctors try to take out as many eggs they can to increases the chances of developing healthier embryos. When they are fertilized, they are screen and destroyed if the test come up that these embryos are not healthy. Or there can be a surplus of healthy embryos that are frozen and stored. Where is the line drawn when it comes to these embryos and life that starts from conception as some religious beliefs tend to believe? Also, what happens to these embryos once the family is done having children or if they are no longer together. Is it possible to say that these doctors are playing God when it comes to barren women who are now with children? Plus, where does that leave surrogates who donate their body in an exchange for money, to carry a child that is not biologically theirs? I believe that IVF is a great discovery in the medical field and can be very beneficial, it just is there any ethical costs that need to be in the equation when dealing with such a sensitive topic.
Reference:
Godfrey, N. (2019). The Ethics of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) - The Ethics Centre. THE ETHICS
CENTRE. Retrieved 6 September 2020, from https://ethics.org.au/the-ethics-of-in-vitro-fertilization-ivf/.
Gurevich, R. (2020). The Amazing History of IVF and the First "Test Tube" Babies. Verywell
Family. Retrieved 6 September 2020, from https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-does-in-vitro-mean-1960211.
Pence, G. (2017). Medical Ethics: Accounts of Ground-Breaking Cases, 8TH Edition. McGraw-
Hill Education.
| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 6 | Style | APA |
|---|
Answer
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. Reproductive issues
Reproductive health is very vital in reproduction as it extends beyond the diseases or infirmities, and further encompasses a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in relations to functions and processes of the reproductive system. However, different life stages are linked with specific sexual and reproductive health issues especially in women. These could be menstruations, fertility, pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, chronic health issues such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, and menopause. Some of the named cases can a woman to be unable to get children. This can be a serious reproductive issue especially in cases where the couples greatly feel the urge to have the children of their own. One of the ways of handling the issue is by use of the In Vitro fertilization (IVF) which is away of assisting women who have problem with child conception. The process involves a series of complex procedures that are usually initiated in a test tube.
The IVF was invented was invented by Dr. Pincus in 1934 with trials on animals. The first successful human trial was documented in 1978 (Gurevich 2020). Since its inception, IVF has been that demands for both dedication and commitment. The process is usually complex and cannot be taken lightly at any instance. The first step usually starts with, a patient is required to self-administer specific hormone supplements on a specified schedule to prepared themselves for insemination. These medications are imperative to a successful transfer. The prescribed medications can have some uncomfortable side effects ranging from mood swings to allergic reactions. The process is not usually a “one and done” process. In a lot of cases, it has required multiple transfers to proctor a successful result.
Although IVF is proven to assist in fertility, is it really just a cash industry as Families spend thousands of dollars with the hope of expanding their family, but the process is not a guarantee (Zhang 2019). The process is usually costly, the average cost of an IVF cycle is estimated to be around 15,000 dollars, minimum. The success rate is also relatively low for instance, in 2008 the success rate of IVF was 41% in women under the age of 35. Usually, a woman will participate in 2.1 cycles on average.
The IVF process is non-consequential, meaning that the desired outcome is the only objective. The most important part of the process is a successful pregnancy, but what happens to the remaining embryos is a question that many asks. Normally, multiple eggs are fertilized and tested to determine which embryo will be utilized. Almost 60% of embryos are discarded after the transfer has been successfully completed. Also, the risk of not receiving what you have signed up for is real and relevant and Dr. Cline is an example of patients receiving a male donor that was not previously agreed upon (Pence 2017).
There is also a challenge with mothers who are used as surrogates and do carry the child that they are not related to biologically. This seems to be unethical as a mother needs to be completely attached to the child and feel that sense of ownership. The idea of paying or buying the surrogate mother also seems to be unaccepted by most religions and different societies (Godfrey 2019).
Despite the arguments, IVF plays a vital role in fulfilling the lives of many people. This is seen as some families who are not able to have children have now been offered with an option. It therefore proves to be a good discovery in the field of medicine as it is beneficial if successful and the benefits far outweigh the negative factors. Although, there are several ethical goals that needs to be put into consideration when dealing with the topic because of the level of sensitivity it encompasses.
References
Godfrey, N. (2019). The Ethics of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) - The Ethics Centre. THE
ETHICS CENTRE. Retrieved 6 September 2020, from https://ethics.org.au/the-ethics-of-in-vitro-fertilization-ivf/.
Gurevich, R. (2020). The Amazing History of IVF and the First "Test Tube" Babies.
Verywell Family. Retrieved 6 September 2020, from https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-does-in-vitro-mean-1960211.
Pence, G. (2017). Medical Ethics: Accounts of Ground-Breaking Cases,
8TH Edition. McGraw-Hill Education
Zhang, S. (2019). The Fertility Doctor’s Secret. The Atlantic. Retrieved 21 September 2020,
from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/04/fertility-doctor-donald-cline-secret-children/583249/.
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QUESTION
Week 4 Discusssion
This is a discussion question that I need answered. I need the second portion of the questioned answered thoroughly, both bullet points. I have highlighted it in yellow to show that it is what I need answered. I need this r returned to me completed without any grammatical or punctual errors. The company that I want this question written about is Nissan Motor Corporation.
Choose ONE of the following discussion question options to respond to:
Using Adverse Conditions to a Company's Advantage
- Chakravorti (2010) discusses four methods that corporate innovators use to turn adverse conditions to their advantage. Examine an organization of your choice and briefly discuss how the organization might use one of these methods.
-OR-
Assessing Risk and Reward
- Using the company of your choice, identify an important and difficult decision that they faced. What were the most important risks and the most important rewards of the decision?
- What data, analysis or perspective would you have used to help Sr. Management decide if the rewards outweighed the risks?
| Subject | Business | Pages | 4 | Style | APA |
|---|
Answer
Assessing Risk and Reward
The Nissan Motor Company is one of the leading automobile makers in the world. The Japanese carmaker has primarily enjoyed a successful run, allowing it to enter various regional and international markets such as the United States. However, the changing business environment was not favorable to the company in 2019. Notably, the cooperation recorded losses amounting to 7.8%. The experience pushed the management into making tough decisions, requiring almost all of its North American workforce to go for unpaid leaves.
In late 2019, the company announced that the decline in sales necessitated a two-day unpaid leave for the North American workers. The stated days for the vacation were January 2 and 3rd (Chicago Tribune, 2019). Notably, this move was a crucial decision for the company because of its conflicting impacts. Whereas on the positive side, it could help the firm minimize expenses, it threatened to affect the public perception of the company regarding employee welfare.
The rewards for the decision involved cutting expenses by not paying the workers on leave, which eventually would translate into reduced expenses. Another reward was that the decision could allow the company to optimize performance by evaluating employee performances then developing new milestones. However, on the low side, the company risked affecting its public image and brand name, especially in the North American market. As per Chakravorti (2010), the way an organization treats its employees influences the firm's public perception. Thus, Nissan risked eliciting a negative public perception. With a distorted public image, the company could fail to revive its declining sales.
I would have advised the management of Nissan to utilize the Predictive Analytic perspective in determining the right decision to take. Ideally, the approach tries to predict what might happen in the future if particular decisions or actions are undertaken at the moment (Traymbak & Aggarwal, 2019). Looking at the situation at Nissan, the company needed to develop a goal such as increasing sales. After that, they would have made decisions aimed at realizing the set goal. In this regard, the predicted outcome could give the management an overview of whether more risks existed or significant rewards could be realized.
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References
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Carton, A. M., & Tewfik, B. A. (2017). Perspective – a new look at conflict management in work groups. Organization Science, 27(5), 1125-1141. https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1287%2Forsc.2016.1085
Demirsoy, N., & Kirimlioglu, N. (2016). Protection of privacy and confidentiality as a patient right: physicians’ and nurses’s viewpoints. Biomedical Research, 27(4). https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/protection-of-privacy-and-confidentiality-as-a-patient-right-physicians-and-nurses-viewpoints.html