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QUESTION  

    1. Research studies  

      Overview
      In this assignment, you will choose the research studies you will use as the basis for crafting your research question in Project Three. You will also look for patterns in data-collection types and consider some of the credibility threats to the research studies you have chosen.

      Prompt
      In Project One: Research Methods in Social Sciences, you examined methodology types for research studies and how each methodology type impacts research. In Project Two: Various Types of Data, which you will complete in Module Six, you will explore data-collection types and their impact on research. As you continue to build toward crafting your complex research question in Project Three, you will need to finalize your research study choices for your specific research problem. Deciding on your research studies now will not only allow you to focus your efforts on developing a complex research question but also help you begin to evaluate the research you have gathered in order to develop a deeper analysis of data collection for the Project Two.

      In this assignment, include the following:

      Select Research Studies
      First, you will need to make sure your research studies represent a variety of research methodology types in order to ensure that you have enough research to draw from to craft your complex research question in Project Three, which you will submit in Module Eight. In addition, to make sure you have enough information to evaluate the data-collection types in your Project Two in Module Six, you will need to complete the following:

      Select two research studies that utilize each methodology type and explore your chosen research problem (six in total).
      Note: You only need to submit the APA reference-page citation for each study you will use.
      Data-Collection Patterns
      Now that you have conducted your preliminary research and chosen the research studies you will use to help craft your research question, you will need to evaluate each of your research studies to determine patterns in data-collection types. Determining patterns in data-collection types now will help you identify and analyze how these types impact potential threats to the credibility of your research, as well as the relevance of data-collection types to the research questions you will explore in Project Two in Module Six. As you consider the types of data included in each of your studies, answer the following:

      What data-collection patterns do you notice?
      Are there some data-collection types that seem to be used more in your area of study in the social sciences?
      What about the other social sciences?
      Why do you think that is?
      How can using certain data-collection types more than others create a threat to credibility?
      Purpose of Varied Data Collection
      Finally, in Project Two in Module Six, you will analyze data-collection types to explore the benefits and drawbacks of the choices the researchers made in your selected studies, and the choices of researchers in anthropology, political science, human services, and criminal justice in the social sciences. As you consider data-collection types, answer each of the following:

      What are the benefits of multiple data-collection types?
      What are the drawbacks of multiple data-collection types?
      What is the link between varied data collection and credibility risks?
      What are some common types of data collection used in each of the social sciences?
      Why do you think certain social sciences seem to favor particular types of data collection over others?
      Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:

      Select data-collection types in selected research studies
      Explore patterns in data collection to identify and analyze their impact on potential threats to credibility
      Examine common data-collection types in social sciences
      Guidelines for Submission:
      This assignment must be completed in a written format and should be 1–2 pages in length. Any references should be cited in APA format. Shapiro Library APA Style Guide

      Data-Collection Patterns

 

Subject Research Methodology Pages 5 Style APA

Answer

 

 

Research Methods

The research studies selected for this paper are clearly outlined in the reference page. These studies were chosen since they offer various views regarding immigrants and criminal justice and how these issues influence one another.

Data-Collection Patterns

               A clear collection pattern in the chosen research studies entailed using statistics and interviews for criminal justice and sexual assault. For criminal justice, many studies have adopted qualitative data over other techniques since sexual assault is a panful topic for many scholars and thus it is easy to gather information using qualitative technique than quantitative method (Heffron et al., 2014). In other social sciences, mixed method is widely used as compared to other methods since one can collect more data using various techniques and makes it easier for them to answer research questions and attain valid and credible answers. When a researcher uses quantitative research more than qualitative or mixed techniques or vice versa, people may find it challenging to justify the research due to lack of various research techniques or additional information that can help them validate or reject the findings of the study (Jenness, Sexton, & Sumner, 2019). Consequently, this can make persons interested in the study to conclude that the study is biased, unreliable and invalid.         

Varied Data Gathering Purpose

             Adopting multiple data collection types increases the amount of information the researcher can use to make valid conclusion. Moreover, it makes the research more reliable and valid since the research is produced using different sources and methods (Lorenz, Kirkner, & Ullman, 2019). However, although adopting multiple data collection makes a research more reliable and credible, it has some drawbacks as well. First, adopting multiple data collection types implies additional hours doing the research and more funds to finance the research process. Notwithstanding this, a multiple data collection types imply reduced risks of credibility. Some of the most common forms of data gathering in social science research include open ended survey, online quizzes and closed ended surveys, focus groups, one on one interviews, as well as, direct observation (O’Neal, 2017). Personally, I believe that certain social sciences appear to favor specific forms of data collection over others since based on the issue being researched, it might much easier to adopt a given form of data collection that one is experienced in and that one that the researcher believes will yield the accurate results he or she wants.

 

 

 

 

 

References

Heffron, L. C., Busch-Armendariz, N. B., Vohra, S. S., Johnson, R. J., & Camp, V. (2014). Giving Sexual Assault Survivors Time to Decide an Exploration of the Use and Effects of the Nonreport Option. AJN the American Journal of Nursing, 114(3), 26-35.

Jenness, V., Sexton, L., & Sumner, J. (2019). Sexual victimization against transgender women in prison: Consent and coercion in context. Criminology, 57(4), 603–631.

Lorenz, K., Kirkner, A., & Ullman, S. E. (2019). A qualitative study of sexual assault survivors’ post-assault legal system experiences. Journal of trauma & dissociation, 20(3), 263-287.

O’Neal, E. N. (2017). Victim cooperation in intimate partner sexual assault cases: A mixed methods examination. Justice Quarterly, 34(6), 1014-1043.

O’Neal, E. N., Beckman, L. O., & Spohn, C. (2019). The sexual stratification hypothesis: Is the decision to arrest influenced by the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad?. Journal of interpersonal violence, 34(6), 1287-1310.

Shepp, V., O’Callaghan, E., & Ullman, S. E. (2020). Interactions with offenders post-assault and their impacts on recovery: a qualitative study of sexual assault survivors and support providers. Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma, 29(6), 725-747.

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