ATI-TEAS TEST – SCIENTIFIC REASONING
- A researcher observes that plants grow taller in sunlight than in shade. What is the next step in the scientific method?
Form a hypothesis
B. Conduct an experiment
C. Analyze data
D. Draw a conclusion
B. Conduct an experiment
The next step after observing a phenomenon is to test it through a controlled experiment. - A student hypothesizes that adding sugar to water increases its boiling point. Which variable should be controlled?
Amount of sugar added
B. Volume of water
C. Boiling point temperature
D. Type of sugar used
B. Volume of water
Controlling the volume of water ensures that differences in boiling point are due to sugar, not water quantity. - A graph shows a positive correlation between exercise duration and heart rate. What does this suggest?
Exercise causes heart rate to decrease
B. Longer exercise increases heart rate
C. Heart rate is unrelated to exercise
D. Exercise only affects blood pressure
B. Longer exercise increases heart rate
A positive correlation means that as exercise duration increases, heart rate also increases. - A scientist tests a new drug and finds no significant effect compared to a placebo. What should the scientist conclude?
The drug is effective
B. The drug is harmful
C. The drug has no effect
D. The placebo is ineffective
C. The drug has no effect
No significant difference from the placebo suggests the drug does not produce a measurable effect. - A researcher wants to study the effect of temperature on bacterial growth. What is the independent variable?
Bacterial growth rate
B. Temperature
C. Type of bacteria
D. Nutrient concentration
B. Temperature
The independent variable is the factor manipulated, which in this case is temperature. - A study finds that 80% of patients taking a new medication report side effects. What is a potential source of bias?
Small sample size
B. Controlled variables
C. Random assignment
D. Double-blind design
A. Small sample size
A small sample size can skew results and may not represent the broader population. - A hypothesis states that caffeine improves reaction time. Which experimental design best tests this?
Give all participants caffeine and measure reaction time
B. Compare reaction times of caffeine and non-caffeine groups
C. Measure reaction time before and after exercise
D. Observe reaction times without any intervention
B. Compare reaction times of caffeine and non-caffeine groups
Comparing groups with and without caffeine isolates its effect on reaction time. - A data table shows that as pH decreases, enzyme activity increases. What can be inferred?
Enzymes are unaffected by pH
B. Lower pH enhances enzyme activity
C. Higher pH increases enzyme activity
D. Enzyme activity is constant
B. Lower pH enhances enzyme activity
The data indicates that enzyme activity rises as pH becomes more acidic. - A researcher notices that a control group in an experiment shows unexpected results. What should they do first?
Ignore the control group
B. Repeat the experiment
C. Change the hypothesis
D. Publish the results
B. Repeat the experiment
Repeating the experiment helps verify if the unexpected results are consistent or due to error. - A scientist observes that fish in polluted water swim slower. What is a testable hypothesis?
Pollution affects fish behavior
B. Fish swim slower in clean water
C. Water temperature causes slow swimming
D. All fish swim at the same speed
A. Pollution affects fish behavior
This hypothesis directly addresses the observation and can be tested experimentally. - In a study, Group A receives a vitamin supplement, and Group B receives a placebo. What is Group B?
Experimental group
B. Control group
C. Independent variable
D. Dependent variable
B. Control group
The placebo group serves as the control to compare against the experimental group. - A graph shows no correlation between hours of sleep and test scores. What does this imply?
More sleep improves test scores
B. Less sleep lowers test scores
C. Sleep does not affect test scores
D. Test scores cause sleep changes
C. Sleep does not affect test scores
No correlation means there is no consistent relationship between sleep and test scores. - A researcher wants to determine if fertilizer affects plant growth. What is the dependent variable?
Type of fertilizer
B. Amount of water
C. Plant height
D. Soil type
C. Plant height
The dependent variable is the outcome measured, which is plant height in this case. - A study finds that a new therapy reduces pain in 60% of patients. What is a limitation of this study?
Use of a control group
B. Lack of a placebo group
C. Random sampling
D. Large sample size
B. Lack of a placebo group
Without a placebo group, it’s unclear if the therapy’s effect is due to the treatment or psychological factors. - A scientist hypothesizes that light intensity affects photosynthesis rate. How should they test this?
Measure photosynthesis under different light intensities
B. Keep light intensity constant and vary temperature
C. Observe plants in natural sunlight only
D. Measure photosynthesis without light
A. Measure photosynthesis under different light intensities
Varying light intensity directly tests its effect on photosynthesis rate. - A data set shows inconsistent results in repeated trials. What is the likely issue?
High reliability
B. Controlled variables
C. Measurement error
D. Large sample size
C. Measurement error
Inconsistent results often stem from errors in how data is collected or measured. - A researcher finds that a drug lowers blood pressure in mice. Can this be applied to humans?
Yes, without further testing
B. No, never applicable
C. Only after human trials
D. Only if mice and humans are identical
C. Only after human trials
Animal studies require human trials to confirm applicability due to biological differences. - A study compares two diets and finds no difference in weight loss. What should the researcher do next?
Conclude diets are identical
B. Increase sample size and retest
C. Change the hypothesis
D. Ignore the results
B. Increase sample size and retest
A larger sample size may reveal differences not detected in the initial study. - A hypothesis states that exercise reduces stress. Which data would support this?
Stress levels increase after exercise
B. Stress levels remain unchanged
C. Stress levels decrease after exercise
D. Exercise duration is unrelated to stress
C. Stress levels decrease after exercise
Data showing lower stress after exercise supports the hypothesis. - A researcher notices that a chemical reaction is faster at higher temperatures. What is the independent variable?
Reaction speed
B. Temperature
C. Chemical concentration
D. Reaction time
B. Temperature
The independent variable is the factor being manipulated, which is temperature. - A study lacks a control group. Why is this a problem?
It ensures accurate results
B. It prevents bias
C. It makes comparison difficult
D. It reduces sample size
C. It makes comparison difficult
Without a control group, there’s no baseline to compare the experimental results against. - A graph shows a negative correlation between smoking and lung capacity. What does this mean?
Smoking increases lung capacity
B. More smoking reduces lung capacity
C. Lung capacity is unrelated to smoking
D. Smoking improves breathing
B. More smoking reduces lung capacity
A negative correlation means that as smoking increases, lung capacity decreases. - A scientist wants to test if a new fertilizer improves crop yield. What should be included in the experiment?
Only fertilized crops
B. A control group without fertilizer
C. Different crop types only
D. Varying water amounts only
B. A control group without fertilizer
A control group without fertilizer allows comparison to assess the fertilizer’s effect. - A researcher finds that a drug works better in younger patients. What should they investigate next?
Ignore age differences
B. Test the drug only in older patients
C. Study why age affects drug efficacy
D. Conclude the drug is ineffective
C. Study why age affects drug efficacy
Investigating age-related differences can explain the drug’s varying effectiveness. - A hypothesis states that water purity affects fish survival. How should this be tested?
Observe fish in natural habitats
B. Compare fish survival in pure and impure water
C. Measure water temperature only
D. Test different fish species in pure water
B. Compare fish survival in pure and impure water
Comparing survival in different water conditions directly tests the hypothesis. - A study shows that a supplement improves memory in 70% of participants. What is a potential flaw?
Use of a double-blind design
B. Self-reported memory improvement
C. Large sample size
D. Random assignment
B. Self-reported memory improvement
Self-reported data can be biased due to subjective interpretation. - A researcher observes that birds migrate earlier in warmer years. What is a testable hypothesis?
Temperature affects migration timing
B. All birds migrate at the same time
C. Food availability causes migration
D. Migration is unrelated to weather
A. Temperature affects migration timing
This hypothesis is testable and based on the observed relationship between temperature and migration. - A data table shows that as humidity increases, mold growth accelerates. What can be inferred?
Mold growth is unaffected by humidity
B. Higher humidity promotes mold growth
C. Lower humidity increases mold growth
D. Mold growth is constant
B. Higher humidity promotes mold growth
The data suggests that mold thrives in more humid conditions. - A scientist wants to study the effect of sleep on concentration. What is the dependent variable?
Hours of sleep
B. Type of task
C. Concentration level
D. Time of day
C. Concentration level
The dependent variable is the outcome measured, which is concentration in this case. - A study finds no difference in plant growth between two fertilizers. What is a possible explanation?
Both fertilizers are equally effective
B. The sample size was too large
C. The plants were not watered
D. The control group was biased
A. Both fertilizers are equally effective
No difference suggests that both fertilizers have similar effects on plant growth.
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