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QUESTION
Describe sampling theory and provide examples to illustrate your definition. Discuss generalizability as it applies to nursing research.
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| Subject |
Nursing |
Pages |
2 |
Style |
APA |
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Answer
Sampling Theory and Generalizability
Sampling theory refers to the study of the relationship between a population under study and the sample selected, either randomly or systematically, to represent the whole population (Levy & Lemeshow, 2013). The theory aims at helping researchers to come up with the most effective way of acquiring a sample that adequately represents the population being studied. As such, it is concerned with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and representation of data collected from the study samples. Some of the concepts that are synonymous with the sampling theory include; population, sampling criteria, target population, representativeness, and sampling methods/ techniques among other concepts (Gray, Grove & Sutherland, 2016). Sampling theory is anchored on sampling plan, which outlines the methods that will be used to select the study sample. An example of a sampling theory in action is when nursing researchers select a group of Type 2 diabetes patients and start them on a treatment intervention to determine its effectiveness.
Studying a whole patient or an at-risk population can, sometimes, be infeasible given the amount of time and resources needed. This is when “representativeness of study population and generalizability” of findings comes in (Kukull & Ganguli, 2015). Generalizability refers to the extension of study results or inferences drawn from the research sample to the whole (larger) population under study (Polit, 2015). In other words, it is the application of findings from the studied sample to the entire target population. Generatability can sometimes lead to misleading conclusions, especially if the studied sample is small. In the aforementioned example, for instance, concluding that a given intervention is effective or ineffective in treating diabetes, based on the sampled patients, may be inaccurate as some of the diabetics could be living with other underlying conditions that affected the results. Generalizability also compromises nurses’ ability to practice evidence-based care and provide individualized or person-centered health care. Nonetheless, the fact that most of today’s medications and interventions work for most people means that the concepts of representativeness and generalizability are still valid in nursing research.
References
Gray, J. R., Grove, S. K., & Sutherland, S. (2016). Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing Research-E-Book: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Kukull, W. A., & Ganguli, M. (2015). Generalizability: the trees, the forest, and the low-hanging fruit. Neurology, 78(23), 1886-1891.
Levy, P. S., & Lemeshow, S. (2013). Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2015). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International journal of nursing studies, 47(11), 1451-1458.
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