Answer

1. Sport Tourism

Harris, J and Lepp, A, 2011, Golf, Tourism and the 2010 Ryder Cup: (De)constructing Images of Wales, Journal of Sport & Tourism, 16:1, 55-73, DOI:10.1080/14775085.2011.568093.

This article explains about the needs to utilize the Ryder Cup as an opportunity of improving tourism activities. As explained in the article, the Ryder Cup is the competition of premier team sport of golf. It is usually contested on a biennial basis between the best teams of players from Europe and USA. It is regarded as one of the major events across the world, which needs attention of all stakeholders in the tourism industry. The event was initially hosted by Wales in 2010 and was staged by Celtic Manor Resort in Newport. During this first event, the Wales took advantage of promoting themselves across the world, as it positioned itself on an international sporting level, as well as raising their profile in terms of tourism and sports. The event shaped the Wales to become one of the tourist destinations across the globe. Furthermore, this article provides various explorations of the event and how Wales benefited from various promotional activities that ensued such as using policy documentations to attract more tourists and investors at the same time. The article shows how the country was perceived as a place of investment, as a result of the Ryder Cup events. The overall benefits of this article was to show how the Wales’ image was improved towards making it a perfect destination for both tourists and investors, thereby promoting the country’s economic level.

Banyai, M and Potwarka, L, 2012, Assessing destination images of an Olympic host city using social media, European Journal of Tourism Research 5(1), pp. 6-18.

            This article provides an assessment of destination image created as a component of Vancouver post Olympic Winter Games in 2010. The study achieved its objectives through the examination and analysis of the comments posted on the event’s official Facebook page. The analysis was conducted using CATPAC II software that revealed how two aspects of destination image in relation to Vancouver. In fact, the article notes that the social networking mediums can provide rich information about travel destinations thus shaping perceptions and expectations about it among visitors. The advantage of this article is that it recognizes media’s significance in shaping people’s travel plans. Altogether, the article demonstrates the manner in which marketers within tourismcan take advantage of social media to accelerate visitors to a destination.

Ritchie, B et al, 2010, The role of the media in influencing residents’ support for the 2012 Olympic games, International Journal of Event and Festival Management Vol. 1 No. 3, 2010 pp. 202-219. 

The article investigates the part of the media in impacting nearby populace support for the Olympic amusement. Specifically, the article tries to investigate the effect of media scope on the mega brandishing occasion and the impact it has on occupants. This is in acknowledgment of the way that the media develops as a key partner in social orders of the world to the extent controlling individuals’ view of an occasion is concerned. The article displays a contextual analysis looking at Weymouth and Portland populace’s view of the brandishing occasion and the pretended by the media in framing these discernments. It takes note of that the media can contrarily or absolutely influence occupants’ view of the brandishing occasion. This can be the result of highlighting financial advantages prone to be accomplished by occupants prompting positive recognition about the occasion. In entirety, the article shows that the media assumes a pivotal part in upgrading existing diagrams around an occasion.

Lepp, A and Gibson, H, 2011, Reimaging a nation: South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sports and Tourism, 16, 211-230.

            The article is about the way in which the 2010 FIFA World Cup gave South Africa a chance to extend a positive tone to whatever is left of the world. It discusses the World Cup was utilized as a vehicle to advertise the nation tourism industry. specifically, it takes note of that the media assumed a basic part in making a positive picture about South Africa on the global stage. This included pictures about the assorted society and destinations in the nation. The article asserts that such pictures assumed a significant part in offering the country as a traveler destination in which guests can appreciate more than football. Specifically, the picture of new South Africa was intensely anticipated in the media, which maybe was intended to override any negative ideas about the country among potential sightseers. Out and out, the article discusses the scope of the World Cup in South Africa and the part it played in changing pictures connected with the nation.

2. 2. Adventure Tourism

Davidson, L, 2008, Tragedy in the Adventure Playground: Media Representations of Mountaineering Accidents in New Zealand, Leisure Studies, 27:1, 3-19, DOI: 10.1080/02614360701240972.

            The article is about the way in which media depicted mountaineering mischance in New Zealand. It discusses an occasion that happened in the nation in late 2003 in which controls and their customers were cleared around a torrential slide prompting their passings. The article proceeds to concentrate on the way in which the media responded in the consequence including whether the game or experience is protected. This incorporates investigating the hypotheses of media connected to the occasion and in addition the way in which it was dissected. The article asserts that the media definitely develops negative pictures identifying with a specific occasion as specialists investigate it. This is on the grounds that it is prone to end up more newsworthy, and the media definitely gets to be focused on the negatives. Truth be told, the occasion was discussed in the media as far as standard account including tolerating the threats of the game or experience. In whole, the article investigates media’s reporting of an occasion and in addition the way in which it makes pictures.

King, R and Beeton, S, 2006, Influence of mass media’s coverage of adventure tourism on youth perceptions of risk, Tourism Culture & Communication, Vol. 6, pp. 161–169.

            The article investigates process through which broad communications scope of enterprise shapes youngsters’ view of danger. It takes note of that enterprise tourism is a forthcoming fragment of tourism and broad communications assumes a vital part in forming youth’s discernment about the entire thing. All the more along these lines, the article takes note of that data spread through broad communications is prone to prompt significant impact among youth swashbucklers because of their substantial dependence on this kind of media to get data. Fundamentally, negative depiction of enterprise action in the broad communications is prone to prompt expanded negative observation among adolescents including diminished investment dangers. It can be said that broad communications builds the see danger of an action when the data was negative including pictures portraying mischances. The article totals up that people are urged to take part in an unsafe action because of their apparent or mental favorable circumstances of getting acknowledgment for the accomplishment. This proofs the broad communications impacts interest rates as for experience tourism and negative pictures can mean diminished cooperation and the other way around.

Laing, J and Crouch, G, 2009, Exploring the role of the media in shaping motivations behind frontier travel experiences, Tourism Analysis, Vol. 14, pp. 187–198.

            The article looks into the role the media undertakes in shaping travelers’ motivations as well as experiences about a particular destination. It uses a qualitative study to determine the motivations behind travelers who visit extreme and fringe places, and how the media influences decision-making among these individuals. Interviews were carried out with travelers and potential visitors to reveal their motivations, which hopefully would help to identify the role of the media via their responses. The study in the article particularly wanted to know if information or images gotten from the media during childhood had influenced travel decisions among the interviewees. The seminal experiences leading to image creation involved agents such as television, cinema, as well as photographs. The suggestion in the article is that plans among frontier travelers are shaped or inspired by early imagery as well as narrative from the media. In addition, the article speculates that the link between adventure and the media can shape and personalize the development of travel mythology. The article’s advantage lies in its ability to use case study to reveal the connection between media reporting and tourism or travel plans.

Kane, M,  2012, Professional adventure tourists: Producing and selling stories of ‘authentic’ identity, Tourist Studies, p 268-286.

The article provides an exploration of identity, authenticity, and distinction of adventure experiences, especially in blogs and websites of tourists and companies during 2010 climbing season of Mt. Everest. The objective of the study was to close the gap of the limited experiences of distinctive adventure using the comparisons of encounters given by past exploration heroes. This article achieved its notions through the guidance of Bourdieusian lens for easy examination. According to the article, the company blogs provide formidable information to the tourists as per the mountaineering myth. Such mountaineering guides help the tourists to gain skills, experiences, and decision making abilities for effective adventure. However, the blogs of tourists provide an authentic, emotional, practical, and recognizable environmental experiences for easy mountaineering abilities. This shows how media portrays the authenticity of the destinations, thereby arousing the people’s interests for visiting various places due to provision of credible information. As such, this article is important to the current study as it provides information on how media propagates or creates awareness through information of various destination as a way of influencing the adventure aspiration of other tourists.