Answer

• A Timeline of Humanities

  A Timeline of Humanities

  The Lower Paleolithic period

  Art was developed. This art was manifested in cave drawings that were comparable to modern-day art forms of artwork.

  Art was advanced and artefacts made from perishable materials such as wood

  ·         There was the creation of myths and legends to explain the origins of these tribes as related to the world

  ·         .the concept of culture was developed over time and passed from this generation to the one that followed

  ·         Hunters started to believe in magic, and in times of scarcity, they would depict their prey onto the cave walls hoping to conjure it up. This was a means of ensuring success in the hunting field.

  ·         Religion was also developed as caves served as ritual spaces where rituals would be conducted.

  ·         There was the use of coloured paintings to make cave paintings

  Crafting of stone tools Controlled use of fire Oldowan tools dated between 2.5-1.5 million years Diet mainly consisted of scavenged animals Behavioural changes marked the beginning of the evolution of human ancestors such as the Australopithecus and the Homo erectus. Stone tools included cleavers and Acheulean hand-axes Characterised by the presence of animal species and types

  The Bronze Age

  The scientific concept of metallurgy was developed with the knowledge of the separation of metals from their ores.

  Bone and stone tools and arms were out phased and replaced by metallic tools and weapons.

  Development of butchering techniques and formation of meat sharing habits between individuals

  Towards the end of the Lower Palaeolithic period, there was the invention of blade production, hunting systematically.

  Employed the use of coordinated hunting strategies

  During this period, there was delayed consumption of high-quality meat parts pending their movement to a home base.

  Australopithecus

  Gracile and small in size

  Average brain size of approximately 440 cm3

  Scavengers in nature

  Walked on two legs

  Homo erectus

  Appeared between 1.8 million to 250,000 years ago

  First, an early form of a human to make its way out of Africa

  Taller and heavier than its predecessor, the Australopithecus

  Walked upright on two feet hence the name homo Erectus

  The average brain size was approximately 820 cm3

  Had a projecting nose

  Upper Paleolithic era

  The use of language between humans

  Homo sapiens made flutes from bird bones

  Homo sapiens designed boats from dugout logs used for fishing. Fish became a significant food source over time.

  Homo sapiens made bow and arrows used for hunting purposes

  Homo sapiens domesticated dogs that assisted them when hunting in the field as early as 11,000 BC

  With the domestication of dogs, other animals were successively domestic. These included cattle, goats and sheep. Cultivation of crops immediately followed these developments.

  Counter-Reformation Period

  ·         History of Christianity and roman catholic efforts between the 16th and early 17th century

  ·         This movement was against the protestant reformation

  ·         Geared towards internal renewal among other objectives

  ·         It took place simultaneously with the protestant reformation

  ·         Formation of new religious groups to directly effect a revival in religion

  The Ursulines, the Theatines, the capuchins and the Jesuits were formed

  . St. Teresa of Avila and St. John of the cross championed the reform of the Carmelite order

  The Greek World of Classical Transformation

  in the fourth century, Athens was the capital of the Greek world

  Greeks built unique structures referred to as agoras that acted as market places. These agoras were a long arcade supported by long columns

  Greeks built palaces with complex architectural designs, and they called these structures the labyrinth.

  The Greeks ventured into poetry and produced some of the most renowned poets with the likes of Homer, who composed the Iliad that exalted and praised Greek warriors.

  The Greeks practised religion as they believed in the protection of the gods. Each Greek polis had its roots in some specific founding god. These gods included Zeus, who was associated with Sparta, while Athena was associated with Athens. These gods were believed to reside on Mount Olympus.

  Roman Empire

  By the 180BC, the Roman Empire was extending from the Atlantic towards the west.

  Roman Empire extends across Europe and later into the rest of the world, spreading the catholic religion.

  The catholic crusade wages war against the Protestants to solidify the catholic religion across the world.

  The Counter-Reformation and the Baroque

  In the sixteenth century, mannerism and the question of decorum in society were put forward. Paintings depicting nudity were no longer tolerated in religious buildings

  Art galleries thrived upon this declaration to ban nude paintings in religious buildings all across Europe after the 16th century.

  A brand of religious mysticism in Spain after the 15th century posed a threat to the church with the practice of a kind of faith that was individualistic that contravened the ordinary church doctrine

  In the 16th century, Teresa faced a denunciation to the role of inquisitions while classified as a restless wanderer living a life of dissipation

  Inventiveness suited to the taste of the Spaniards was greatly celebrated in the mid-16th century.

  During the mid-17th century, the baroque style was incorporated in art in accordance with the established mannerism standards.

  Amsterdam became the centre of a secular form of baroque in art in Northern Europe during the 17th century.

  Mannerism sought to accommodate itself within the more acceptable decoration of the counter-reformation