• QUESTION

  Police Use of Force paper 

  Links to the two articles : https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56996151cbced68b170389f4/t/57e17531725e25ec2e648650/1474393399581/Use+of+Force+Study.pdf (For the second article I took pictures of the article because I can’t find it on the internet So look at the attachments to the assignment) This week you are reading on police use of force. In this assignment I want you to apply the first two articles in your textbook (linked above and the pictures attached ) to your assigned paper. I have also included another article which is the accompanying paper to the first article from the text (Examining the Role of Use of Force Policies in “From Ending Police Violence”). This is the other article I included which is the accompanying paper to the first article “Examining the role of use of force policing in …” ) https://cdn.inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net/4361586d-591f-47d7-9c55-77d0d19c791d/Police%2BUse%2Bof%2BForce%2BReport.pdf?token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6ImNkbiJ9.eyJyZXNvdXJjZSI6Ii80MzYxNTg2ZC01OTFmLTQ3ZDctOWM1NS03N2QwZDE5Yzc5MWQvUG9saWNlJTJCVXNlJTJCb2YlMkJGb3JjZSUyQlJlcG9ydC5wZGYiLCJ0ZW5hbnQiOiJjYW52YXMiLCJ1c2VyX2lkIjoiMTM1MjkwMDAwMDAwMDA5NTczIiwiaWF0IjoxNjAzNDk4MTE2LCJleHAiOjE2MDM1ODQ1MTZ9.bLE2NnM3w5apBVeTVUs3S3R9Y5AsuEtZUkuDbceMtHUaFMM3S_M5olMF_Y6OG29lASKT73IlJT9nP0PlWTBbLg&download=1&content_type=application%2Fpdf For this assignment I want you to watch the incident as outlined in the first two videos (Links below). Do not let the press or other sources sway your judgment. Make sure you watch this video by taking in all the circumstances. The third video is an interview the officer had with the police and her lawyer. It will help you get a perspective of the officer and will help you understand her rationale. I have also included a sequence of events, another interview with the officer and a portion of the autopsy for background. For this assignment assume you are a member of a committee that must make recommendations to the Tulsa Police Department. Using the two articles and the supplied article (Police Use of Force Report) Answer the following using the APA template (provided). The paper must be a minimum of 800 words critical examination of the incident. • Analysis of the Incident o Was Officer’s Shelby decision to use deadly force correct in your opinion? Why or why not? Was her decision in compliance with policy? You will need to watch both live videos and her interview to determine this. • Analysis of Policy o Based on your analysis of the policy and your reading of the first article and the Police Use of Force attachment – what policies would you recommend for the Tulsa Police Department that are suggested. • Analysis of Training o Based on your recommendation of policy and your review of the second article what type of training would you recommend? • Critical Analysis o Give me more than two paragraphs here. o Was race a factor in this shooting? o Should improvement be made with policy or training? o Would it help if we made the policy suggestions into training guides? YouTube videos are linked below just click on the links watch all three. Car video Dash Cam and Helicopter Video Betty Shelby’s (Full Interview) Following Shooting Of Terence Crutcher Sequence of events: Caller to 911: “And I was like, ‘Do you need help?’ And he was like, ‘Come here, come here.’ And I said, ‘Well, what’s going on?’ And he’s like, ‘Come here, come here, I think it’s gonna blow up.’ And I was like, “Naw, I’m out.’ And he started tooking out, he took off running.” Dispatch: “Oh, wow.” Caller: “And he just left it. I think he’s smoking something.” 7:34 p.m. – Tulsa Police Chief Chuck Jordan said Officer Betty Shelby and another officer were dispatched to a domestic violence call. 7:36 p.m. – A call came into dispatch about an abandoned vehicle at 36th St. North and Lewis Ave. It was described as a tan SUV still running in the middle of the street with the doors open. 7:41 p.m. – Dispatch recordings show Officer Shelby came across an abandoned vehicle at 2300 E. 36 St. N. and called for backup. During a press conference on Monday, Tulsa Police Chief Chuck Jordan said Shelby informed dispatch she was not getting cooperation from the driver. 7:41:50 p.m. – Dispatch recordings show the tag number from the SUV came back clear, Officer Tyler Turnbough responded for backup. 7:42:43 p.m. – Dispatch recording has Shelby saying, “[inaudible] traffic, I’ve got a subject that won’t show me his hands.” 7:42:45 p.m. – Dispatch called for 10-63 (dangerous situation, emergency radio traffic) at 2300 E. 36 St. N. 7:42:54 p.m. – Dash camera video shows Officer S. Dunn leaving a police parking area and driving with lights and sirens. He is following another patrol unit. 7:42:17 p.m. – Dispatch recording shows Charlie 305 responding to support Shelby. 7:43 p.m. – Dash camera recording shows Officer Tyler Turnbough arriving to 2300 E. 36 St. N. Turnbough and another officer can be seen running toward a light-colored SUV. Turnbough’s Taser is drawn. At the press conference on Monday, Jordan said Turbough deployed his Taser and Officer Betty Shelby fired her gun. 7:43:50 p.m. – Dash camera from Dunn unit shows helicopter flying above. 7:43:57 p.m. – Dash camera recording shows Dunn arriving on the scene and parking behind Turnbough’s vehicle. Dunn runs toward the scene. 7:44:20 p.m. – Helicopter video shows a pilot saying, “Alright, Betty Jo, where you at?” The camera hovers above two police officers with weapons drawn. Crutcher walks toward his SUV with his hands in the air. A police spokesperson confirmed to 2 Works for You Shelby’s husband is a police helicopter pilot. She could not say which of the two voices in the helicopter recording was his. 7:44:26 p.m. – Helicopter video shows a pilot voice saying, “He’s got his hands up for her now.” The video shows Crutcher walking away from Shelby with his hands in the air. Shelby has her gun pointed at Crutcher. 7:44:37 p.m. – Voice 1 from the helicopter video: “This guy’s still walking. And [inaudible] following commands.” Voice 2: “Time for a Tazer, I think.” The helicopter camera shows two more officers running toward Crutcher and his vehicle. 7:44 p.m. – Helicopter recording Voice 1: “That’s a … got a feeling it’s about to happen.” Voice 2: “That looks like a bad dude, too. Might be on something.” 7:44:13 p.m. – Dash camera video from Officer Turnbough’s vehicle shows a voice on the radio asking, “Which direction is he facing?” Simultaneously, Crutcher hits the ground. “They’re facing westbound. I think he may have just been Tasered.” 7:44:13 p.m. – Dash camera video from Dunn’s vehicle shows Crutcher going down in the glare of headlights. 7:44:20 p.m. – Dash camera video from three officers’ vehicles show a female voice saying, “Shots fired.” “Adam 321, we have shots fired. We have one suspect down. We need EMSA here.” 7:44:44 p.m. – Dash camera video from Turnbough’s vehicle shows four officers backing away in a cluster from the SUV and Crutcher’s body. A patrol car pulls in next to the SUV, then drives around the front of it. Crutcher’s body can been seen on the driver’s side of the SUV. 7:44:56 p.m. – Dash camera video shows Officer Dunn running back to the vehicle, then driving to the front of the SUV to block traffic. Crutcher’s body can be seen when the car parks. 7:45:15 p.m. No sound, officers standing between vehicles. 7:45:20 p.m. – Dash camera video from Turnbough’s vehicle shows a voice on the radio request EMSA “if we haven’t already.” 7:45:41 p.m. No sound, male officers appear to be comforting a female officer. 7:45:43 p.m. – Dash camera video from Turnbough’s vehicle shows a female officer run from the front of the SUV toward Crutcher’s body, observing from several feet away. Two officers stand several yards behind the SUV. 7:45:45 p.m. – Dash camera video from Turnbough’s vehicle shows a voice on the radio announcing Charlie 305 arrived on scene. 7:45:57 p.m. – Dash camera video from Turnbough’s vehicle shows the two officers standing behind the SUV now approaching Crutcher’s body. 7:46 p.m. – Dash camera video from Turnbough’s vehicle shows a voice asking if anyone has cleared the vehicle yet. 7:46 p.m. – Helicopter video shows a female officer walking past the passenger side of the SUV. No radio sound. 7:46:04 p.m. – Dash camera video from Turnbough’s vehicle shows the female officer who approached Crutcher at 7:45:43 bends over and pulls his right arm, then appears to check his pockets. 7:46:33 p.m. – Helicopter recording Voice 2: “Is that car clear?” Voice 1: “Do what, buddy?” Voice 2: “Hopefully they cleared that car. I didn’t see anybody necessarily looking all up in the car. Voice 1: “I don’t know. Police 1, has anybody cleared the vehicle yet?” 7:46:38 p.m. – Dash camera video from Dunn’s vehicle shows a voice on the radio saying, “Hey, we need a lane open so EMSA can get in.” 7:46:45 p.m. – Helicopter video shows two officers crouched behind a patrol unit. Voice 2: “Okay I’ve got two officers kneeling down back here.” The helicopter hovers toward the front of the SUV. An officer can be seen lifting Crutcher’s arm. 7:46:46 p.m. – Officer Dunn’s dash camera shows four officers around Crutcher’s body. They bend over and make physical contact with him. 7:47:29 – Helicopter video Voice 1: “Hey that’s Betty that’s down.” Video shows two officers crouching behind patrol unit. Voice 2: “You need to go back, man, if you need to.” Voice 1: “No, I’m not. Big girl, man. I have my job to do, too. After we land, I’ll go check on her.” 7:47:40 p.m. – Helicopter video shows three officers making physical contact with Crutcher. 7:48:14 p.m. – Officer Dunn’s dash camera shows a voice on the radio saying, “We are secure. And we need a tactical. And go ahead and start me Crime Scene, and an on-duty captain.” 7:48:30 p.m. – Officer Dunn’s dash camera shows paramedics arriving on scene. 7:50 p.m. – Officer Dunn’s dash camera shows a female voice on the radio saying, “Hey, anybody else heading this way can slow down [inaudible].” 7:50:16 p.m. Male officer holding female officer’s hands. 7:51 p.m. – Officer Dunn’s dash camera shows paramedics performing chest compressions on Crutcher’s body. 7:51:36 p.m. All parties walk out of frame. Officer’s Statement When Shelby approached the car, the doors were closed, and the windows were open, Wood said. She looked into the passenger’s side to make sure no one was on the floor of the car, and as she was getting ready to move to the driver’s side, she turned around and saw Crutcher walking toward her, Wood said. Wood said that Shelby then said to Crutcher, “Hey, is this your car?” Crutcher didn’t respond, simply dropping his head while continuing to look at Shelby, “kind of under his brow,” Wood said. Crutcher then began to put his hand into his left pocket, Wood said, adding that Shelby told Crutcher, “Hey, please keep your hands out of your pocket while you’re talking to me. Let’s deal with his car.” Crutcher did not respond, Wood said, so Shelby ordered him again to get his hand out of his pocket. He then pulled his hand away and put his hands up in the air, even though he was not instructed to do so, which Shelby found strange, Wood said. Shelby tried to get Crutcher to talk to her, but he simply mumbled something unintelligible and stared at her, Wood said. He then turned and walked to the edge of the roadway and turned to look at her, his hands still in the air, Wood said. He put his hands down and started to reach into his pocket again, Wood said, and she ordered him again to get his hands out of his pocket. At this point, Shelby, a drug recognition expert, believed Crutcher was “on something,” Wood said, possibly PCP. Shelby then radioed in that she had a subject “who is not following commands.” “You can kind of hear a degree of stress in her voice when she says that,” Wood said. Shelby then pulled out her gun and had Crutcher at gunpoint as she commanded him to get on his knees, Wood said. She pulled out a gun instead of a Taser because she thought he had a weapon, and she was planning to arrest him for being intoxicated in public and possibly obstructing the investigation, Wood said. Shelby ordered Crutcher to stop multiple times as Crutcher walked toward the SUV with his hands up, Wood said. But those orders cannot be heard in the audio from the dashcam video, which starts as another patrol car pulls up to the scene, showing Crutcher walking toward the SUV with his hands up as Shelby follows him, apparently with her weapon drawn and pointing at Crutcher. Officer Statement Statement to police Attorney It all started 10 minutes earlier. She was on her way to a domestic-violence call when she says she saw a man she later would learn was Terence Crutcher standing in the road. She noticed his size, about 6 feet, 240 pounds, and his demeanor. Betty Shelby: His hands are just dropped beside him. His chin is resting on his chest. And he’s standing there motionless. And I thought, “Hmmm. I wonder if he’s on PCP.” Bill Whitaker: Why did that cross your mind first? Betty Shelby: Because it was an odd behavior. Zombie-like, I– I– it’s the best I can- Bill Whitaker: Zombie-like? Betty Shelby: Zombie-like. Bill Whitaker: Did you consider him a threat at that time? Betty Shelby: No. Not at that time. So Shelby drove past him and continued on to her call. About 500 feet beyond where she first saw Crutcher, she came upon an abandoned SUV here in the middle of the road. She didn’t activate her dashboard camera because she thought this was just a broken-down vehicle. But when she got out of her patrol car, she noticed the motor of the SUV was running. Betty Shelby: I work in a high-crime area where every day, we get calls of shots fired. I don’t think this is just an abandoned vehicle. So I walk on up to the driver’s side. I glance in. I don’t see anyone. And I notice the windows are down. Bill Whitaker: Did you see any weapons? Betty Shelby: I wasn’t looking for any. I was glancing to see if there was someone hurt. Then she says she noticed the man she had seen just moments before walking toward her and the abandoned vehicle. Betty Shelby: And I say, “Hey, man, is this your vehicle?” And he mumbles something. And I can’t understand him. And he starts putting his hands in his pocket. I say, “Hey, man, take your hands outta your pockets. I’m trying to find out is this your vehicle?” And when I tell him to take his hands out of his pockets, he just immediately puts ‘em in the air. Bill Whitaker: So what’s going through your mind? Betty Shelby: Well, what’s goin’ through my mind is what I’ve experienced before. I’ve encountered people putting their hands in their pockets, and I find a loaded gun in their pocket. None of the early encounter was recorded on video but Shelby says her training taught her that people on PCP could turn violent and she says Crutcher kept reaching into his pocket. Betty Shelby: That’s when I get on the radio and say I’ve got a subject that’s not showing me his hands. And it was at that point that I drew my weapon in a ready position. It would just be a motion like this if you need to. Bill Whitaker: Was he being belligerent? Betty Shelby: No. Bill Whitaker: Was he showing any aggression? Betty Shelby: No. Bill Whitaker: Is it possible that you saw him as more dangerous because he was a large black man? Betty Shelby: No. What I based everything on was his actions, his behaviors. Race had nothing to do with my decision making. Shelby says Crutcher kept ignoring her commands, kept walking toward the SUV even though she had drawn her gun, and had ordered him to get on his knees. Betty Shelby: And he’s not doing it. I’m hollering at him, “Stop. Stop now. And he has now put his hands back up in the air. And he’s looking at his vehicle, back at me.” Bill Whitaker: And you’re thinking? Betty Shelby: I’m thinking he’s calculating how he can get to his vehicle to get whatever weapon it is that he’s going to get because he didn’t find it in his pocket. Tyler Turnbough: I was literally a quarter mile away, so I got in the car and drove to the scene quickly. Officer Tyler Turnbough responded to Officer Shelby’s radio call. His siren was on so his dashboard camera was running. The ground-level video of the shooting was recorded from his car. Bill Whitaker: So what’d you see when you got there? Tyler Turnbough: The first thing I saw when I got there was Mr. Crutcher walking away with his hands up, Betty has him at gunpoint, and I got out of the car and I can hear her giving him commands. “Stop. Get on the ground. Don’t go back to your car.” Natsound: Alright Betty Jo, where you at? At the same time, a police helicopter swooped in with two officers on board: A pilot and a spotter who, that day, happened to be Officer Betty Shelby’s husband. Natsound: He’s got his hands up there for her now. David Shelby says he could see his wife had a weapon drawn. The pilot saw something else. Natsound: That looks like a bad dude too. Bill Whitaker: Did you think he looked like a “bad dude”? David Shelby: What I– what I saw was, an individual that was being noncompliant and apparently and obviously refusing to obey the commands of the officer. “I’m feeling that his intent is to do me harm and I keep thinking, ‘Don’t do this. Please don’t do this. Don’t make this happen.’” Officer Betty Shelby As Officer Turnbough ran to assist, he saw that Betty Shelby had drawn her gun. So he grabbed his Taser. Tyler Turnbough: If the roles had been reversed and she had her Taser out, then I would’ve had my gun out. Bill Whitaker: Did you assess the situation as being dangerous? Tyler Turnbough: Yes. It made the hair stand up on the back of my neck. I don’t know what this guy’s doing. Why is he– why is he walking away from her? What are his intentions? Why doesn’t he just stop? Bill Whitaker: So, we see his arms are up and you’re behind him? Betty Shelby: Yes. We asked Betty Shelby to look at the video and show us what she saw before the fatal shot. Betty Shelby: I’m feeling that his intent is to do me harm and I keep thinking, “Don’t do this. Please don’t do this. Don’t make this happen.” And then right there he’s looking back at me. That’s what we call “targeting.” So he’s getting my position, my last-known location to retrieve and then shoot. Bill Whitaker: You think he’s sizing up the situation to see where you are, how close, if he were to grab a weapon, he would know exactly where to turn to shoot? That’s what you’re thinking? Betty Shelby: That– yes. It’s unclear what happened in the final moments of Crutcher’s life. Officers Shelby and Turnbough were in front of the dashboard camera and the helicopter was too far away. But Betty Shelby says, what’s hard to see on the video tape, is what she saw. She says Crutcher dropped his arms and reached into the car. Betty Shelby: His shoulders drop, his arm drops, and he’s reaching in. And it’s fast. Just that would tell any officer that that man’s going for a weapon. Bill Whitaker: You see this on the video? Betty Shelby: Yes. Bill Whitaker: That’s what you say is Mr. Crutcher reaching into the car? Betty Shelby: Yes. I say with a louder, more intense voice, “Stop. Stop! Stop!” and he didn’t. And that’s when I took aim. Natsound: Betty Shelby: Shots Fired! Bill Whitaker: Do you think, “I could shoot him in the leg, I could shoot him in the foot”? Is there nothing else you could’ve done? Betty Shelby: No. And I’m not trained to shoot someone in the foot. We don’t train to be cowboys and to be like what they show on the movies. Autopsy According to an eight-page report from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in Oklahoma City, Crutcher suffered a “penetrating gunshot wound of chest” and noted both of Crutcher’s lungs were pierced and that he had four broken ribs. In addition to saying Crutcher had PCP in his system.

   

Related Samples