-
- QUESTION
Wearing A Mask
Persuasive Speech
PLEASE MAKE SURE SPPECH SHOULD BE ACCORDING TO THE FORMAT ATTACHED IN THE FILE
speeches need to have an opposition argument, otherwise, your speech becomes one-sided and does not provide the conflict I am seeking for these speeches.
organization pattern is a typical "problem-cause-solution".
There needs to be a counterargument in which you use a citation against your side and a citation for your side.for the margin comments on the left-hand side, I have decided to only have you write in "Source #1, Source #2, etc." and not have to put the words "pathos, ethos, or logos" or "definition" "statistic" or "quotation".
- Introduction
- Who here has had a burn before? And I don’t mean burn as is defined by the
Urban Dictionary! I mean a medical burn as defined by MedicineNet Dictionary, last edited and reviewed on May 2016, as “Damage to the skin or other body parts caused by extreme heat, flame, contact with heated objects, or chemicals.” Burns are very common injuries with many different treatment options. Today I will be talking to you about a new burn treatment being developed that uses Tilapia skin. Yes, you heard me correctly, Tilapia. As in the fish.
- Although still in the very early stages of development, the use of Tilapia skin is
proving to be a very promising option for the treatment of burns.
- I’ve chosen this topic because being a nurse, and specifically a wound care
nurse, I see a lot of patients with different types of wounds including
burns. And I think it’s important to be aware of new treatments being
developed that may one day be able to help my patients.
- So let’s take a closer look at this new and innovative treatment. First, I will tell
you about how it works and how tilapia skin is processed so that it can be
used as a wound dressing. Then I will talk about some of the studies that
have been done using tilapia skin on burns and their outcomes. And finally
I will explain how this treatment fits into US medical practices.
- Body
- How it works and how it’s processed so it can be used.
- Give background info about Tilapia
- Skin is discarded
- In a study entitled “Marine collagen peptides from the skin of
Nile Tilapia: Characterization and wound healing
evaluation”, published in the journal Marine Drugs on
March 2017 conducted by Doctors Hu, Yang, Zhou, Li, and
Hong, all of whom are professors of chemistry in
Guangdong Ocean University in China, showed that the
collagen found in tilapia skin has a lower molecular weight
which means that it is easily absorbed by the body making
it extremely effective in treating wounds.
- Process of sterilization
- In his patent application publication to the US department of
health published on September 2018, Dr. Edmar Lima
Junior et al, a group of medical doctors who have
successfully used tilapia skin on burns, enumerates the
steps necessary for the sterilization of tilapia skin before it
can be used.
- Length of process and shelf life
- Show VA for different uses here.
- Studies using tilapia skin
- In the study previously cited conducted by Dr. Hu et al, the effects of
tilapia skin collagen on wound healing was tested on New Zealand white rabbits that had deep partial-thickness burns or deep second-degree burns.
- Explain the three different groups
- Show VA for statistics.
- PID 7: Similar stages of healing
- PID 11: M – 8%, P – 20%, E – 39%
- PID 14: M – 56%, P – 71%, E – 79%
- PID 17: M – 72%, P – 95%, E – 98%
- Reported on NBC News by Whitaker and Garcia on May 2017 in an
article titled “An experimental treatment: doctors in Brazil use fish skin to treat burn victims”, a study conducted by Dr. Jose Frota, a medical doctor and researcher at the University Hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, also tested the healing effects of tilapia skin collagen on burns, but this time the subjects were humans instead of rabbits; the first study of its kind.
- Similar results as in China
- One of the participants in this study, Antonio Janio, a car mechanic that was badly burned on his arm, stated, “Use the tilapia skin, it’s excellent. It takes the pain away, you do not need to take medicine. In my case, I did not need it, thank God.”
- Explain cost effectiveness
- How this treatment translates into US medical practices.
- Explain benefits already talked about
- Not approved here in US
- Only experimental studies
- Deb Jones, an RN and the Burn Outreach Coordinator at UC Davis
Medical Center writes in the April 2017 issue of The BurnNet, a
monthly medical journal published by UCD Medical Center,
“While this seems like an interesting and promising idea, it is too
soon to expect it sold, if at all, in the US.”
- Many other options available
- “Ultimately,” Jones adds, “it will come down to cost-effectiveness. Will it be cheaper than what is already out there?”
III. Conclusion
- Today I have informed you of the use of tilapia skin collagen as a new,
interesting, and unconventional treatment for burns. First, I told you about how it works and how tilapia skin is processed so that it can be used as a wound dressing. Then I talked about some of the studies that have been done using tilapia skin on burns and their outcomes. And finally, I went over how this treatment will be used in the future here in the US.
- So the next time you’re at the grocery store or the market or even fishing, and
you happen to see tilapia, you will have a better understanding of the many benefits this fish offers.
- References
Jones, D. RN (2017, April). Tilapia skin in social media: The BurnNet by UC Davis Medical Center, 36 (4)
Lima Junior, E.M., Morales Filho, M.O., Miranda, M.J, & Piccolo, N.S. (2018, September). Patent Application Publication
MedicineNet Dictionary. Retrieved October 9, 2018, from https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=31816
Whitaker, P. & Garcia, P (2017, May). An experimental treatment: doctors in Brazil use fish skin to treat burn victims. NBC News, Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/experimental-treatment-doctors-brazil-use-fish-skin-treat-burn-victims-n765116
Zhang, H., Yang, P., Zhou, C., Li, S., & Hong, P. (2017, March). Marine collagen peptides from the skin of Nile Tilapia (oreochromis noloticus): Characterization and wound healing evaluation: Marine Drugs, 15 (102)
- General Outline Format
PERSUASIVE SPEECH( RED ONE MUST INCLUDE)
- Introduction
- Opening Device (write it out as complete paragraph)
- Thesis Statement (write it out as a complete sentence)
- Credibility Statement (Write out as a complete sentence)
- Preview of Main Points (write it out as a complete sentence with signposting)
- Body
- First main point (write it out as a complete sentence) THE PROBLEM/S
- Subpoint (write it out as a complete sentence or as a key word)
- Supporting material
- Supporting material
- Subpoint (write it out as a complete sentence or as a key word)
- Supporting material
- Supporting material
- Second main point (write it out as a complete sentence) THE CAUSE/S
- Subpoint (write it out as a complete sentence or as a key word)
- Supporting material
- Supporting material
- Subpoint (write it out as a complete sentence or as a key word)
- Supporting material
- Supporting material
- Counterarguments
- Citation against your stance
- Citation refuting the citation in a
- Third main point (write it out as a complete sentence) THE SOLUTION/S
- Subpoint (write it out as a complete sentence or as a key word)
- Supporting material
- Supporting material
- Subpoint (write it out as a complete sentence or as a key word)
- Supporting material
- Supporting material
III. Conclusion
- Summary (write it out as a complete sentence or paragraph)
- Closing Device (write it out as a complete paragraph)
- Reference List (use APA format for each reference; list references in alpha order)
Note: When outlining supporting material, only list minimal information (i.e., only what is needed to remember the information and no more). Typically, information about will be stated orally for the source citation is included for the supporting materials.
Review the following points about the general outline format:
- The outline for each of your speeches will consist of four Roman numerals: Roman I for the Introduction; Roman II for the Body; Roman III for the Conclusion; Roman IV for the Reference List.
- Capital letters (“As,” “Bs,” etc.) are used for designating the main parts of the Introduction, the main points of the Body, and the main parts of the Conclusion.
- Numbers (“1s,” “2s,” etc.) are used in the body of the speech outline for designating subpoints. In order to meet the criteria for a main point, a main point should have at least two subpoints. If you have only one subpoint under a main point, it suggests that you need more information or the information that you have needs to be listed under another main point. Likewise, if you notice that you have too many subpoints under one main point, you many need to delete some of the subpoints, combine them into a reworded subpoint, or move them under another new main point.
- Supporting material in the body of the speech outline is designated with lower case letters. Supporting materials include examples, narratives, statistics, quotations (testimony), facts, definitions, explanations, comparisons, contrasts, etc. On the speaking outline, the supporting materials are not written out as complete sentences unless the material is a quotation.
- Notice how the outline “lines up” vertically. All of the Roman numerals, capital letters, numbers, and lower case letters respectively line up in straight vertical lines.
Model Speaking Outline
- Introduction
- (Opening Device) I am sure all of you have visited a zoo and have observed the monkeys.
You probably could not help watching them and observing their behavior. If you examined
them for awhile, I am sure you noticed that they act a great deal like people. I had the
opportunity to work last summer at the University of California’s Primate Center under Dr.
Ruth Towler, one of America’s leading primate researchers. Some of what I learned made
me realize that humans act a lot like primates. I would like to share some of the things I
learned about primates while working at the Primate Center.
- (Thesis Statement) Primates are social animals that live in stable social groups much like
humans.
- (Preview of Main Points) In order to explain how primate are much like humans, I will focus
on three main points: first, how primates are born into social groups; second, how primates
utilize communication systems; and third, how primates recognize hierarchical structures
within their groups.
- Body
- Primates are born into social groups.
- The size of the groups varies.
Source #1 a. Dr. Margaret Smith, Director of Primate Behavior at Yale University, explained in
an article published in The Smithsonian in 1991: The size of the groups varies from
8 to 24 individuals depending on the species.
Statistics b. Statistics provided by Dr. Smith include howler monkeys (85% had a group size of
12 to 15) and macaque monkeys (95% had a group size of 20 to 23)
- The groups work together.
Source #2 a. George Peters, a naturalist, noted in an article published in the National Geographic
in March 1991 that the groups sleep together for protection, security and warmth.
- Provide examples of howler monkeys traveling in groups to gather food
- Primates use communication systems.
- Primate senses are similar to humans.
Source #3 a. Dr. Carl Hoffman, a researcher at the UC Berkeley Primate Center, explained in a
Quotation personal interview conducted in April 1992: “Primates are one of the few species
that use their senses like humans do. . . . They actually see, touch, hear, smell and
taste like we do.”
- Show and explain visual aid of howler monkey using touch and smell
- Primates use forms of nonverbal communication that are similar to humans.
Source #4 a. Explain Dr. Keith Fowler’s study of primates in East Africa that was published in
Nature in 1998.
- Show and explain visual aid of macaque showing anger and sadness
- Primates recognize hierarchical structures within their groups.
- Younger primates respect older primates.
- Show and explain visual aids of macaque and howler monkeys
Definition b. These examples indicate the recognition of a hierarchy, which is defined by
Random House Dictionary as “a system of persons or things ranked one above
another.”
- Females recognize a rigid structure within their groups.
- Show and explain visual aid of South American monkeys.
Source #5 b. Refer to Dr. Carl Hoffman’s study that was published in Science in 1987: of 11
primate groups studied, all of them, but most especially females, knew their place
in the group
- Roving males are often outcasts from the groups.
Source #6 a. Explain Dr. Ruth Towler’s study that was published in Nature in December 1991:
numerous cases of young males being excluded from the groups
- Show and explain visual aid of roving males challenging the dominate male
III. Conclusion
- (Summary) Overall, the primate life is that of a very social animal. Like humans, primates
are surrounded by individuals they know well. They use communication systems that are
similar to humans. They also recognize hierarchical structures within their groups.
- (Closing Device) So, the next time you visit a zoo, spend some time carefully watching and
and observing the monkeys. You might be surprised at how familiar their behavior seems.
After all, monkeys act a lot like humans, and humans act a lot like monkeys.
- References
Fowler, K. (1988, November). Primate nonverbal behavior. Nature, 48, 23-28.
Hoffman, C. (1991, April). Personal interview.
Hoffman, C. (1987, November). Primate groups. Science, 73, 9-12.
Peters, C. (1991, March). Primate behavior. National Geographic, 82, 2-7.
Smith, M. (1991, July). My life as a monkey. The Smithsonian, 32, 45-58.
Towler, R. (1991, December). Male dominance and monkeys. Nature, 51, 54-58.
| Subject | Nursing | Pages | 12 | Style | APA |
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Answer
WEARING MASKS
The use of face masks in the war against the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has attracted mixed reactions from the people who are supposed to be protected against the virus and those in the scientific community. Different States and countries, depending on their ideological and political inclinations, continue to mandate or downplay the role played by face masks. This has made the question of masks a political rather than purely health matter. For many doctors, nurses and researchers who are at the forefront in the race for the control of the virus, the conclusion that wearing of masks helps in the curb of the spread of the virus is almost unanimous. Ma QX et al (2020) reiterate that “N95 masks, medical masks, and homemade masks made of four‐layer kitchen paper and one‐layer cloth could block 99.98%, 97.14%, and 95.15% of the virus in aerosols.” The opposition against the use of face masks has also been strong however, whether based on prevailing misconceptions or the conclusion of particular studies done by various bodies. In view of these facts, it is my intention to prove the notion that against all the odds and opposition, wearing of masks is ultimately beneficial in the fight against the spread of Covid-19.
Research has proved and continues to prove that even though Covid-19 is not entirely an airborne disease, the virus can be picked up from the air and surfaces when a symptomatic an asymptomatic carrier leaves the traces when they talk, cough or sneeze. In fact, Ma QX et al (2020) affirm that “Various studies have suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 can be transmitted through droplets and aerosols, and so hand hygiene is inadequate to prevent infection of SARS‐CoV‐2, and blocking masks are needed.” When a mask is worn, the possibility of the virus escaping in the eventuality of a cough or a sneeze is greatly reduced. This means that the virus carrier then has a lower possibility of infecting those who are around him or her. The mask can also work for the healthy individual too. If an infected person talks or coughs around a healthy one with a mask on, there is no express path of entry into the other person’s body when the nose and mouth are covered with a mask. For such people, the use of a mask is a saving act, both for themselves and those they would later come into contact with.
Before the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, masks were not a common phenomenon, and to see a person in one, one had to be working in an environment of immense physical and health hazards such as dust and harmful chemicals, or be a surgeon in the operating room. In an operating room, the surgical mask protects the patient much as it does the doctor. The masks worn to protect people from the harmful effects of chemicals and dust also work with the same principle. If the masks were considered effective in these situations, and the perceived benefits outweighed any potential side-effects, why would wearing masks for the sake of a deadly virus be so divisive? If the mask has spaces that are smaller than the virus, and it covers the major parts of entry into the human body in face of imminent contact, then we can say for certain that to a greater extent, these masks are beneficial in curbing Coronavirus.
Mounting evidence suggests that in states and countries where the wearing of masks in public spaces is mandated, the rate of infections is actually lower than in countries where people have the option of either wearing a mask or going without it. This can only lead us to one conclusion—masks are effective in preventing the spread of Covid-19. Of course face masks are not fool-proof. One can wear a mask but still have the virus get into him or her through other channels like touching contaminated surfaces. This damning fact is reinforced by the fact that despite being in PPEs and face masks nearly all the time while handling Covid-19 patients, the health workers as a demographic has been hard hit by the virus the world over. Doctors and nurses have succumbed to the virus. But working with the virus everyday would only mean that a little lapse caution would be detrimental, and as we all know, all it takes is a single virus. This cannot lead us to abandoning masks altogether, but it can encourage us to be cautious with other ways through which we can get the virus. Instead of letting us despair, Ma QX et al (2020) provides us with a startling statistic on mask efficiency from their study:
Table 2. Percentage of AIV blocked by masks as compared with one layer of cloth
|
C t increase ( ± SD) |
Percentage blocked (95% CI) |
|
|
N95 mask |
12.49 ± 0.33 |
99.98% (99.98%‐99.99%) |
|
Medical mask |
5.13 ± 0.98 |
97.14% (94.36%‐98.55%) |
|
Homemade mask |
4.37 ± 0.90 |
95.15% (90.97%‐97.39%) |
The use of masks has been charged in the past as being responsible for the escalation of breathing difficulties, little comfort and irritability especially in children. Some of these charges have solid ground. Anyone who has had a mask on would agree that there is a level of discomfort because of the cutting of the free flow of air through the nose and mouth. This may make the masks potentially deadly for people with breathing difficulties. They are also not bound to be so effective in children whose breathing systems are not yet fully developed and spend the better part adjusting and touching the masks. However, this is where we need to be realistic and critical. Covid-19 has been characterised, among other things, as being crippling to the breathing system. The way it shuts the respiratory systems of the victims, sending many to the mechanical ventilators is proof of what it can do to the respiratory system. Would you rather experience temporary discomfort and difficulty in breathing rather than face the potential of a crippled respiratory system and probable death when you fail to wear a mask?
In many states and countries where the use of face masks still faces resistance, the probable cause is usually ignorance, denial or the acceptance of misinformation as truth. Up to now, there are people who still doubt whether Covid-19 is real or just a hoax. Brennen et al (2020) says that “many people still suffer from the consequences of misinformation than the virus itself” They simply do not believe that there is any such thing as Coronavirus. For these people, wearing a mask would be the last thing on their minds. Some have also underestimated the deadly nature of Covid-19, claiming without evidence that the figures on infections and deaths are simple exaggerations and that other forms of the flu are lumped in current statistics as Covid-19. Such people live in denial, and they may have been blind to all that happened in Italy, Spain, France, New York and several hotspots around the world. Most of them have bought the idea that this virus is a biological tool of warfare, and they direct more energy at hating the source than finding lasting solutions to flatten the curves of infection. They abhor masks, but in the end, it is only detrimental. If they wear masks, it is usually out of the fear of prosecution rather than the desire to stop the spread of the virus.
Two weeks ago, a 30 year old man was dying in San Antonio, Texas. He, alongside others had attended a Covid party, many of the infamous parties held to downplay the severity of Covid-19 and question whether the transmission is real. For this man and his friends, defiance was fashionable, and failure to wear masks, sanitise or keep safe social distances was the in thing. When he was realizing that he had made a mistake, it was rather too late. If he had only worn a mask and observed those recommended practices, maybe we would definitely be talking about a different story.
Amidst this raging epidemic, masks are still very vital. There may be some grounds upon which wearing them cause some opposition, but in general, they have proved to be instrumental in the fight against the spread of Covid-19. Moving forward, they still will be necessary if the virus is to be contained and lives saved.
References
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Brennen, J. S., Simon, F., Howard, P. N., Nielsen, R. N. 2020. Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 Misinformation. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Ma QX, Shan H, Zhang HL, Li GM, Yang RM, Chen JM.2020. Potential utilities of mask wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS‐CoV‐2. J Med Virol. |